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The Poona Pact (September 1932) was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar to resolve the issue of:
पूना पैक्ट (सितंबर 1932) महात्मा गांधी और बी.आर. अंबेडकर के बीच किस मुद्दे को हल करने के लिए हस्ताक्षरित किया गया था?
(A) Communal representation for Depressed Classes
(B) Complete independence of India
(C) Separate electorates for Muslims
(D) Financial rights of textile laborers
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) Communal representation for Depressed ClassesExplanation: Detailed Explanation: The Poona Pact was an agreement between Gandhi and Ambedkar that replaced the provision of separate electorates for the Depressed Classes (as granted by the Communal Award) with a system of reserved seats, while ensuring they remained within the Hindu social fold.
As a result of the Poona Pact, the number of seats reserved for the Depressed Classes in the provincial legislatures was increased from 71 to:
पूना पैक्ट के परिणामस्वरूप, प्रांतीय विधानसभाओं में दलित वर्गों (Depressed Classes) के लिए आरक्षित सीटों की संख्या 71 से बढ़ाकर कितनी कर दी गई थी?
(A) 147
(B) 125
(C) 100
(D) 150
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) 147Explanation: Detailed Explanation: Under the Poona Pact, the representation of the Depressed Classes was significantly increased. The reserved seats in provincial legislatures were raised from 71 to 147, and they were also allocated 18% of the total seats in the Central Legislature.
What was the main criticism made by Ambedkar regarding the long-term impact of the Poona Pact on the political empowerment of the Depressed Classes?
दलित वर्गों के राजनीतिक सशक्तिकरण पर पूना पैक्ट के दीर्घकालिक प्रभाव के संबंध में अंबेडकर द्वारा की गई मुख्य आलोचना क्या थी?
(A) It made them political tools for majoritarian caste Hindu organizations
(B) It gave them complete administrative control over the Indian police
(C) It led to their total exclusion from the constitutional assembly
(D) It forced them to migrate permanently to Burma
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) It made them political tools for majoritarian caste Hindu organizationsExplanation: Detailed Explanation: Ambedkar criticized the Pact for making Dalits 'political tools' of majoritarian Hindu organizations, as reserved seats often led to the election of representatives supported by caste Hindu parties rather than genuine, independent Dalit leaders.
Mahatma Gandhi set up the 'All India Anti-Untouchability League' in which year to combat the social evil of untouchability?
महात्मा गांधी ने अस्पृश्यता की सामाजिक बुराई से लड़ने के लिए किस वर्ष 'अखिल भारतीय अस्पृश्यता विरोधी लीग' (All India Anti-Untouchability League) की स्थापना की थी?
(A) 1932
(B) 1930
(C) 1934
(D) 1936
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) 1932Explanation: Detailed Explanation: While in Yerwada jail in September 1932, Gandhi established the All India Anti-Untouchability League, which was later renamed the Harijan Sevak Sangh.
Gandhi launched the weekly journal 'Harijan' in January 1933 to propagate his views on social reform. Where did he shift his base after his release from jail in 1933?
गांधी ने जनवरी 1933 में सामाजिक सुधार पर अपने विचारों का प्रचार करने के लिए 'हरिजन' साप्ताहिक पत्रिका शुरू की। 1933 में जेल से रिहा होने के बाद उन्होंने अपना आधार कहाँ स्थानांतरित किया?
(A) Satyagraha Ashram, Wardha
(B) Sabarmati Ashram, Ahmedabad
(C) Yerwada Jail, Poona
(D) Delhi
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) Satyagraha Ashram, WardhaExplanation: Detailed Explanation: After being released from jail in 1933, Gandhi did not return to Sabarmati Ashram, as he had vowed not to return until Swaraj was won. He shifted to the Satyagraha Ashram in Wardha.
Gandhi’s Harijan tour, conducted between 1933 and 1934, covered approximately how many kilometers?
1933 और 1934 के बीच आयोजित गांधी के 'हरिजन टूर' ने लगभग कितने किलोमीटर की दूरी तय की?
(A) 20,000 km
(B) 10,000 km
(C) 5,000 km
(D) 50,000 km
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) 20,000 kmExplanation: Detailed Explanation: Gandhi undertook a massive country-wide Harijan tour from November 1933 to July 1934, covering nearly 20,000 km to collect funds for the Harijan Sevak Sangh and propagate the removal of untouchability.
Which famous slogan did Gandhi use to emphasize the existential urgency of removing untouchability from Hindu society?
गांधी ने हिंदू समाज से अस्पृश्यता को दूर करने की तात्कालिकता पर जोर देने के लिए किस प्रसिद्ध नारे का उपयोग किया?
(A) Hinduism dies if untouchability lives, untouchability has to die if Hinduism is to live
(B) Swaraj is my birthright
(C) Do or Die
(D) Inquilab Zindabad
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) Hinduism dies if untouchability lives, untouchability has to die if Hinduism is to liveExplanation: Detailed Explanation: Gandhi viewed untouchability as a 'moral stigma' on Hinduism. He famously stated, 'Hinduism dies if untouchability lives; untouchability has to die if Hinduism is to live,' emphasizing that its survival was incompatible with a reformed religion.
Regarding the caste system, how did the ideological position of Gandhi differ from that of B.R. Ambedkar?
जाति व्यवस्था के संबंध में, गांधी की वैचारिक स्थिति बी.आर. अंबेडकर से किस प्रकार भिन्न थी?
(A) Gandhi distinguished between the abolition of untouchability and the caste system itself, whereas Ambedkar advocated for the annihilation of the caste system
(B) Gandhi wanted to enforce hereditary occupations through constitutional law
(C) Ambedkar was a staunch supporter of the chaturvarna system based on birth
(D) Gandhi believed caste was never part of Hinduism
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) Gandhi distinguished between the abolition of untouchability and the caste system itself, whereas Ambedkar advocated for the annihilation of the caste systemExplanation: Detailed Explanation: Gandhi initially focused on purging the 'high-low' distinctions from the varna system, believing varna could be complementary. Ambedkar, however, believed the caste system itself was the root of untouchability and demanded its total annihilation.
B.R. Ambedkar believed that Indian unity was a by-product of which administrative factor, contradicting Gandhi's view that India was a nation since ancient times?
बी.आर. अंबेडकर का मानना था कि भारतीय एकता किस प्रशासनिक कारक का उप-उत्पाद (by-product) थी, जो गांधी के इस विचार के विपरीत था कि भारत प्राचीन काल से ही एक राष्ट्र है?
(A) The legal system introduced by the imperial state
(B) The spread of Sanskrit scriptures by high-caste priests
(C) The ancient geographical continuity of the Himalayan borders
(D) The common economic trade routes established during the Mughal era
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) The legal system introduced by the imperial stateExplanation: Detailed Explanation: Ambedkar argued that India became a unified entity primarily due to the common legal and administrative system introduced by British colonial rule, while Gandhi emphasized that India possessed an ancient, inherent cultural and national unity.
Both Gandhi and Ambedkar held similar stances on the role of religion in society. Which of the following statements reflects their shared belief?
गांधी और अंबेडकर दोनों ने समाज में धर्म की भूमिका पर समान रुख रखा था। निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन उनके साझा विश्वास को दर्शाता है?
(A) Both accepted religion as an agent of social change
(B) Both believed that religion should have no place in political life
(C) Both agreed that scripture should be treated as infallible and static
(D) Both believed that state-sponsored religious conversion was the only path to equality
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) Both accepted religion as an agent of social changeExplanation: Detailed Explanation: Despite their differences, both leaders recognized the potential of religion as a powerful agent for social transformation and integration, provided it was purged of oppressive practices.
What fundamental difference existed in their perceptions of machinery and industrialization?
मशीनीकरण और औद्योगीकरण के प्रति उनकी धारणाओं में क्या मौलिक अंतर था?
(A) Gandhi feared the dehumanizing impact of mechanization, whereas Ambedkar believed machinery was essential for a democratic society
(B) Ambedkar feared machinery would destroy rural handicrafts, whereas Gandhi promoted heavy steel factories
(C) Gandhi wanted to make India a global hub for heavy weaponry, while Ambedkar preferred cottage industries
(D) There was no difference, as both supported the absolute prohibition of all modern manufacturing technologies
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) Gandhi feared the dehumanizing impact of mechanization, whereas Ambedkar believed machinery was essential for a democratic societyExplanation: Detailed Explanation: Gandhi was deeply skeptical of heavy machinery, fearing it would lead to deindustrialization and unemployment in rural India. Conversely, Ambedkar famously believed that for India to progress as a democratic society, the slogan must be 'machinery and more machinery'.
Which of the following books authored by B.R. Ambedkar was burned by him in 1927 at Mahad as a symbolic act against caste inequality?
बी.आर. अंबेडकर द्वारा लिखित किस पुस्तक को उन्होंने 1927 में महाद में जातिगत असमानता के खिलाफ एक प्रतीकात्मक कार्य के रूप में जलाया था?
(A) Manusmriti
(B) Gulamgiri
(C) Sarvajanik Satyadharma
(D) Satyarth Prakash
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) ManusmritiExplanation: Detailed Explanation: During the Mahad Satyagraha, Ambedkar and his followers publicly burned the Manusmriti, which they viewed as the canonical source of caste-based discrimination and untouchability.
During his anti-untouchability campaign, Gandhi was constantly attacked by orthodox elements (Sanatanis). What measure did the government take that pleased these orthodox groups?
अपनी अस्पृश्यता विरोधी मुहिम के दौरान, गांधी पर रूढ़िवादी तत्वों (सनातनियों) द्वारा लगातार हमले किए गए। सरकार ने कौन सा कदम उठाया जिससे ये रूढ़िवादी समूह प्रसन्न हुए?
(A) They defeated the Temple Entry Bill in August 1934
(B) They declared all caste Hindus to be legally untouchable
(C) They passed a law mandating the segregation of all dalits into independent villages
(D) They made the study of Vedas compulsory for all citizens
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) They defeated the Temple Entry Bill in August 1934Explanation: Detailed Explanation: The government often used orthodox Hindu sentiment to check the Congress movement. By defeating the Temple Entry Bill in 1934, they successfully aligned with the reactionary elements who were opposed to Gandhi's social reform agenda.
Gandhi's concept of 'Gramraj' was challenged by Ambedkar on what structural ground?
अंबेडकर द्वारा गांधी की 'ग्रामराज' (Gramraj) की अवधारणा को किस संरचनात्मक आधार पर चुनौती दी गई थी?
(A) Ambedkar believed that Indian villages were nests of local caste-based inequality and discrimination
(B) He thought that Gramraj would reduce the military power of the central state
(C) He argued that Gramraj lacked any provision for English-medium education
(D) He believed that rural areas were too wealthy and did not require any government assistance
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) Ambedkar believed that Indian villages were nests of local caste-based inequality and discriminationExplanation: Detailed Explanation: Ambedkar was a harsh critic of the Indian village system. He argued that the rural social structure was dominated by status quoist hierarchies and that decentralizing power to villages would only strengthen the existing oppressive caste system.
In the later phase of his life, Ambedkar took a radical step regarding his religious identity. What was this step?
अपने जीवन के उत्तरार्ध में, अंबेडकर ने अपनी धार्मिक पहचान के संबंध में एक क्रांतिकारी कदम उठाया। यह कदम क्या था?
(A) He denounced Hinduism and converted to Buddhism
(B) He converted to Christianity to access missionary hospitals
(C) He took a vow to strictly follow the Vedas
(D) He declared himself the official head of the Sanatana Dharma Sabha
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) He denounced Hinduism and converted to BuddhismExplanation: Detailed Explanation: Convinced that the caste system and untouchability were inherent to the Hindu religious scriptures and could not be reformed from within, Ambedkar ultimately renounced Hinduism and embraced Buddhism in 1956.
What was the main difference in the communication methods of Gandhi and Ambedkar?
गांधी और अंबेडकर के संचार के तरीकों में मुख्य अंतर क्या था?
(A) Gandhi spoke in plain local vernacular, whereas Ambedkar spoke in English
(B) Ambedkar used traditional folk songs while Gandhi spoke only in Latin
(C) Gandhi used secret codes for his speeches, whereas Ambedkar used official press releases
(D) Ambedkar promoted Sanskrit ritual chanting, while Gandhi used only Urdu
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) Gandhi spoke in plain local vernacular, whereas Ambedkar spoke in EnglishExplanation: Detailed Explanation: Their methods of mass mobilization differed significantly. Gandhi's message was disseminated through the plain local vernacular (Hindustani/Gujarati), making him accessible to the masses. Ambedkar, with his academic background, primarily communicated his vision through English, addressing a different tier of educated political thought.
Which event is considered the 'kindergarten stage of revolution' by an English journalist, comparing the overthrow of a colonial empire by boiling sea-water?
किस घटना को एक अंग्रेज पत्रकार ने 'क्रांति का किंडरगार्टन चरण' (kindergarten stage of revolution) माना है, जिसमें समुद्र के पानी को उबालकर एक औपनिवेशिक साम्राज्य को उखाड़ने की तुलना की गई है?
(A) Dandi March
(B) Ahmedabad Mill Strike
(C) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
(D) Champaran Satyagraha
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) Dandi MarchExplanation: Detailed Explanation: The English journalist Brailsford famously mocked the Dandi March by calling it the 'kindergarten stage of revolution,' incredulously asking how the British Emperor could be unseated simply by boiling sea-water in a kettle.
What was the official British response to the demands of the 'Minorities' Pact' at the Second Round Table Conference?
द्वितीय गोलमेज सम्मेलन में 'अल्पसंख्यक समझौते' (Minorities' Pact) की मांगों के प्रति ब्रिटिश सरकार की आधिकारिक प्रतिक्रिया क्या थी?
(A) The government used these diverse demands to neutralize Gandhi's leadership and claimed Congress did not represent all of India
(B) They immediately accepted all demands and signed a binding treaty
(C) They completely ignored the existence of the pact and focused only on industrial quotas
(D) They ordered the immediate arrest of every Parsi delegate present
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) The government used these diverse demands to neutralize Gandhi's leadership and claimed Congress did not represent all of IndiaExplanation: Detailed Explanation: The British government utilized the conflicting demands of the various delegates (Muslims, Depressed Classes, etc.) to claim that the Congress was not a representative body. This helped them stall constitutional progress by focusing on the communal deadlock.
During the Civil Disobedience Movement, which region in the Central Provinces was specifically targeted for the violation of forest laws?
सविनय अवज्ञा आंदोलन के दौरान, वन कानूनों (forest laws) के उल्लंघन के लिए मध्य प्रांत (Central Provinces) के किस क्षेत्र को विशेष रूप से लक्षित किया गया था?
(A) Central Provinces tribal tracts
(B) Barhee region of Munger
(C) Saran forest belts
(D) The urban municipal parks of Ahmedabad
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) Central Provinces tribal tractsExplanation: Detailed Explanation: Adapting to regional conditions, the Congress leadership in the Central Provinces launched a specific campaign focused on the systematic violation of colonial forest laws, which prevented tribal populations from accessing timber and grazing lands.
How did Gandhi define 'Swaraj' in his political text 'Hind Swaraj'?
गांधी ने अपने राजनीतिक ग्रंथ 'हिंद स्वराज' (Hind Swaraj) में 'स्वराज' को कैसे परिभाषित किया?
(A) He argued that India was a nation prior to imperial rule and it was the British who broke this cultural unity
(B) He suggested that Swaraj could only be achieved through military conquest by native industrialist classes
(C) He defined Swaraj as the right to demand separate electorates for high-caste landlords
(D) He claimed that the Indian village system was the primary obstacle to national independence
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) He argued that India was a nation prior to imperial rule and it was the British who broke this cultural unityExplanation: Detailed Explanation: In 'Hind Swaraj', Gandhi countered colonial narratives that India was a collection of disorganized tribes. He argued that India had possessed a robust national and cultural identity long before the British arrived and that foreign rule systematically destroyed this underlying unity.
Which of the following was a structural achievement of the Swarajists inside the legislative chambers during their period of parliamentary activity?
विधायी कक्षों में अपने संसदीय गतिविधि के चरण के दौरान स्वराजवादियों की कौन सी संरचनात्मक उपलब्धि थी?
(A) The defeat of the Public Safety Bill in 1928
(B) The complete physical destruction of the central Imperial Legislative Council building
(C) The mandatory recruitment of all swadeshi textile factory workers into the provincial councils
(D) The direct legal transfer of the Viceroy's executive council power to the Indian League front
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) The defeat of the Public Safety Bill in 1928Explanation: Detailed Explanation: One of the most noteworthy achievements of the Swarajists in the Central Legislative Assembly was the defeat of the Public Safety Bill in 1928, which the government aimed to use to deport foreign activists and suppress the spread of socialist ideology.
The 'Act for Better Government of India, 1858' introduced a profound constitutional shift in the administrative structure of the sub-continent by executing which measure?
ऐतिहासिक 'Act for Better Government of India, 1858' ने कौन सा उपाय करके उपमहाद्वीप के प्रशासनिक ढांचे में एक गहरा संवैधानिक बदलाव पेश किया था?
(A) Transferring the power to govern from the East India Company directly to the British Crown, to be wielded through a Secretary of State
(B) Establishing complete provincial autonomy under popular native ministerial portfolios
(C) Abolishing the office of the Viceroy and creating the separate Federal Court structure at Allahabad
(D) Scrapping the supervisory control of the British Parliament over Indian revenues
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) Transferring the power to govern from the East India Company directly to the British Crown, to be wielded through a Secretary of StateExplanation: Detailed Explanation: The Act of 1858 dissolved the East India Company. It transferred the sovereign power to govern India directly to the British Crown, to be exercised through a cabinet post, the Secretary of State for India, who was assisted by a 15-member council and made directly answerable to the British Parliament.
What macro-level transformation occurred to India's dynamic share of global manufacturing exports across the centuries of British colonial rule?
ब्रिटिश औपनिवेशिक शासन के सदियों के दौरान वैश्विक विनिर्माण निर्यात (world manufacturing exports) में भारत कीं गतिशील हिस्सेदारी में बड़े पैमाने पर क्या परिवर्तन आया?
(A) It dramatically fell from 27 per cent down to a mere 2 per cent
(B) It increased steadily from 2 per cent up to an optimized 27 per cent
(C) It remained perfectly constant at a balanced 10 per cent layout
(D) It dropped to zero instantly within the first decade of the Charter Act of 1813
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) It dramatically fell from 27 per cent down to a mere 2 per centExplanation: Detailed Explanation: As highlighted by modern economic historians, the systemic deindustrialization and forced commercialization under British rule caused India's share of world manufacturing exports to crash from a dominant 27 per cent down to a mere 2 per cent by the end of the colonial era.
The judicial framework of the Cornwallis Code of 1793 established a major milestone in modern Indian administrative history by firmly introducing which concept?
1793 के 'कॉर्नवॉलिस कोड' ने किस प्रमुख अवधारणा को दृढ़ता से पेश करके आधुनिक भारतीय प्रशासनिक इतिहास में एक बुनियादी मील का पत्थर स्थापित किया?
(A) The principle of the sovereignty of law and the separation of revenue and justice administration
(B) The absolute legal immunity of all colonial government officials from civil court oversight
(C) The mandatory use of English instead of vernacular languages across all local lower subdivisions
(D) The total structural centralization of all judicial functions under the district Collector
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) The principle of the sovereignty of law and the separation of revenue and justice administrationExplanation: Detailed Explanation: The Cornwallis Code of 1793 was a landmark because it established the sovereignty of law and the separation of powers. It separated revenue administration from justice, divested the Collector of judicial duties, and made government officials answerable to civil courts for official actions.
In 1860, a judicial modification regulated the privileges of European subjects in India. What restriction did it place on judges of Indian origin regarding criminal cases?
1860 में, एक न्यायिक संशोधन ने भारत में यूरोपीय विषयों के विशेषाधिकारों को विनियमित किया। इसने आपराधिक मामलों के संबंध में भारतीय मूल के न्यायाधीशों पर कौन सा प्रतिबंध लगाया था?
(A) No judge of an Indian origin could legally try a European subject in a criminal case
(B) Indian judges were stripped of any original jurisdiction over civil property disputes involving Europeans
(C) They were legally forced to refer all native criminal files directly to the local Munsiff benches
(D) Indian judges were required to pass all their sentences strictly in classical European ciphers
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) No judge of an Indian origin could legally try a European subject in a criminal caseExplanation: Detailed Explanation: Reflecting the deeply rooted racial discrimination within the colonial legal architecture, a judicial regulation enacted in 1860 specified that while European subjects were brought under court jurisdiction, no judge of Indian origin possessed the legal authority to try a European subject in a criminal case.
Under the central executive guidelines of the Government of India Act, 1919, what specific bicameral houses replaced the old unicameral Imperial Legislative Council?
भारत सरकार अधिनियम 1919 के केंद्रीय कार्यकारी दिशानिर्देशों के तहत, किन विशिष्ट द्विसदनीय सदनों ने पुरानी एकसदनीय इंपीरियल लेजिस्लेटिव काउंसिल का स्थान लिया?
(A) The Central Legislative Assembly (lower house) and the Council of State (upper house)
(B) The House of Commons and the House of Lords structural branches
(C) The British Indian Association and the All India Kisan Sabha chambers
(D) The Sadar Diwani Adalat and the Sadar Nizamat legislative divisions
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) The Central Legislative Assembly (lower house) and the Council of State (upper house)Explanation: Detailed Explanation: The 1919 Act introduced a bicameral central legislature consisting of a lower house named the Central Legislative Assembly and an upper house named the Council of State, introducing the initial structural principle of a double-chamber parliament.
The Royal Commission on Decentralization (1908) made a critical recommendation regarding the financial and administrative responsibilities of urban municipalities. What role did it suggest they should play in primary education?
रॉयल कमीशन ऑन विकेंद्रीकरण (1908) ने शहरी नगर पालिकाओं की वित्तीय और प्रशासनिक जिम्मेदारियों के संबंध में एक महत्वपूर्ण सिफारिश की थी। इसने प्राथमिक शिक्षा में उनकी क्या भूमिका सुझाया था?
(A) The municipalities might explicitly undertake the responsibility for primary education and, if willing, for middle vernacular schools
(B) They should be completely barred from funding or managing any primary-level educational facilities locally
(C) They were legally forced to route 100% of their primary school tax revenues directly to the Dayal Singh Trust in Lahore
(D) The Commission suggested that municipalities should manage only high-cost advanced technical engineering universities
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) The municipalities might explicitly undertake the responsibility for primary education and, if willing, for middle vernacular schoolsExplanation: Detailed Explanation: To optimize local governance, the 1908 Decentralization Commission recommended that urban municipalities should explicitly take over the responsibility for funding and administering primary education and, if willing, middle vernacular schools, while being relieved of secondary education burdens.
What retrogressive evaluation did the Simon Commission outline in its May 1930 report regarding the efficiency and financial management of local self-governing bodies since 1919?
साइमन कमीशन ने मई 1930 की अपनी रिपोर्ट में 1919 के बाद से स्थानीय स्वशासी निकायों के कुशल और वित्तीय प्रबंधन के संबंध में कौन सा प्रतिगामी (retrogressive) मूल्यांकन प्रस्तुत किया था?
(A) It claimed that the management of finances had deteriorated, and suggested the retrograde step of increasing provincial bureaucratic control over local bodies
(B) It celebrated the village panchayats for successfully achieving absolute financial independence across all provinces
(C) It demanded that 100% of local tax revenues must be channeled directly to support the All India Kisan Sabha
(D) The Commission recommended the complete permanent legal abolition of the office of the district magistrate
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) It claimed that the management of finances had deteriorated, and suggested the retrograde step of increasing provincial bureaucratic control over local bodiesExplanation: Detailed Explanation: The Simon Commission (May 1930) noted that the financial management of local bodies had deteriorated since the introduction of the 1919 reforms, pointing out a lack of progress in village panchayats. Instead of expanding democracy, it recommended a retrograde step: increasing tight provincial bureaucratic control over these local bodies in the name of efficiency.
What was the significance of the resolution on 'Fundamental Rights' passed at the 1931 Karachi Congress session?
1931 के कराची कांग्रेस सत्र में पारित 'मौलिक अधिकारों' (Fundamental Rights) के प्रस्ताव का महत्व क्या था?
(A) It guaranteed free speech, free press, universal adult franchise, and state neutrality in religious matters
(B) It formally restricted the voting rights exclusively to wealthy aristocratic landowners
(C) It established the British managing agencies as the ultimate authority over Indian education
(D) It mandated the compulsory use of foreign textiles inside all public government offices
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) It guaranteed free speech, free press, universal adult franchise, and state neutrality in religious mattersExplanation: Detailed Explanation: The Karachi resolution provided the first blueprint of the rights Congress sought to guarantee in a free India, including universal adult franchise, equality before the law, freedom of speech/press, and secularism.
During the mid-1920s, the internal unity of the Swarajist Party fractured along a communal and strategic divide. What were the two competing camps that emerged within the party?
1920 के दशक के मध्य के दौरान, स्वराजवादी पार्टी की आंतरिक एकता सांप्रदायिक और रणनीतिक विभाजन के कारण टूट गई। पार्टी के भीतर उभरने वाले दो प्रतिस्पर्धी खेमे कौन से थे?
(A) The Responsivists and the Non-responsivists
(B) The Moderates and the Extremists structural wings
(C) The Atmiya Sabha and the Dharma Sabha coalitions
(D) The Akali satyagrahis and the Udasi mahant loyalists
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) The Responsivists and the Non-responsivistsExplanation: Detailed Explanation: The Swarajist front fractured into two camps: the 'Responsivists', who favored cooperating with the government to hold offices and protect Hindu interests, and the main leadership ('Non-responsivists'), who rejected government posts and stuck to obstructionist lines.