General Studies: Biology Botony Mock Test – Free Online Practice

General Studies: Biology Botony ke liye free mock test: 74 questions, timer, negative marking aur explanation ke saath. Koi login nahi, koi payment nahi — turant shuru karein.

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General Studies: Biology Botony ke liye ye 74 questions ka practice set General Knowledge pattern par banaya gaya hai. Test me 45 second per question ka timer hai aur har galat answer par 0.25 marks kate jaate hain — bilkul asli exam jaisa. Submit karne ke baad aapko exact score, accuracy aur har question ka explanation milta hai. Bihar ke competitive exams (BPSC, BSSC, Bihar Police, BTSC) ki tayari karne wale students ke liye.

Practice Questions (30 of 74)

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1. Which 'Plant Hormone' is known as the 'Stress Hormone' or 'Anti-Transpirant'?
   किस पादप हार्मोन को 'तनाव हार्मोन' या 'वाष्पोत्सर्जन रोधी' कहा जाता है?
   (A) Auxin

   (B) Gibberellin

   (C) Abscisic Acid (ABA)

   (D) Ethylene
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: C) Abscisic Acid (ABA)

   Explanation: ABA closes stomata during water stress, prevents transpiration, and promotes seed dormancy.
2. Which plant hormone is a gas and is primarily responsible for the ripening of fruits?
   कौन सा पादप हार्मोन एक गैस है और मुख्य रूप से फलों को पकाने के लिए जिम्मेदार है?
   (A) Cytokinin

   (B) Ethylene

   (C) Auxin

   (D) ABA
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: B) Ethylene

   Explanation: Ethylene is unique because it acts as a gaseous hormone to trigger the ripening process in fruits.
3. The 'Apical Dominance' (growth of the tip) in plants is caused by which hormone?
   पौधों में 'शीर्ष प्रभाविता' (शीर्ष की वृद्धि) किस हार्मोन के कारण होती है?
   (A) Gibberellin

   (B) Auxin

   (C) Cytokinin

   (D) Ethylene
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: B) Auxin

   Explanation: Auxins produced at the tip inhibit lateral bud growth, making the plant grow taller.
4. Which hormones are commonly used to produce 'Seedless Fruits' (Parthenocarpy)?
   बीज रहित फल (पार्थेनोकार्पी) उत्पन्न करने के लिए किन हार्मोनों का उपयोग किया जाता है?
   (A) Auxins and Gibberellins

   (B) Ethylene

   (C) ABA

   (D) Cytokinin
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: A) Auxins and Gibberellins

   Explanation: Applying auxins and gibberellins can induce fruit formation without fertilization, resulting in seedless fruits.
5. The 'Bolting' effect (sudden elongation of internodes prior to flowering) is caused by:
   पौधों में 'बोल्टिंग' प्रभाव (तने का अचानक लंबा होना) किसके कारण होता है?
   (A) Auxin

   (B) Gibberellin

   (C) Cytokinin

   (D) Ethylene
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: B) Gibberellin

   Explanation: Gibberellins promote rapid stem and internode elongation and increase fruit size.
6. Which hormone promotes cell division and delays leaf senescence (aging)?
   कौन सा हार्मोन कोशिका विभाजन को बढ़ावा देता है और पत्तियों के बुढ़ापे को रोकता है?
   (A) Auxin

   (B) Cytokinin

   (C) ABA

   (D) Ethylene
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: B) Cytokinin

   Explanation: Cytokinins stimulate cell division and keep tissues young and functional in tissue culture.
7. Which plant tissue is responsible for the transport of water and minerals from roots to leaves?
   जड़ों से पत्तियों तक जल और खनिजों के परिवहन के लिए कौन सा ऊतक जिम्मेदार है?
   (A) Phloem

   (B) Xylem

   (C) Parenchyma

   (D) Collenchyma
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: B) Xylem

   Explanation: Xylem moves water upward through specialized conduits called tracheids and vessels.
8. Which tissue acts as the primary food-conducting channel in vascular plants?
   पौधों में भोजन का संवहन करने वाला मुख्य ऊतक कौन सा है?
   (A) Xylem

   (B) Phloem

   (C) Sclerenchyma

   (D) Epidermis
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: B) Phloem

   Explanation: Phloem transports synthesized sucrose and nutrients from leaves (source) to storage organs (sink).
9. What is the primary site of photosynthesis and chlorophyll storage in a plant cell?
   पादप कोशिका में प्रकाश संश्लेषण और क्लोरोफिल का मुख्य स्थल कौन सा है?
   (A) Mitochondria

   (B) Chloroplast

   (C) Vacuole

   (D) Nucleus
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: B) Chloroplast

   Explanation: Chloroplasts contain green chlorophyll pigments that harness light energy to prepare food.
10. Which gas is released as a byproduct during the light reactions of photosynthesis?
    प्रकाश संश्लेषण की प्रकाश अभिक्रिया के दौरान कौन सी गैस उप-उत्पाद के रूप में निकलती है?
    (A) Carbon Dioxide

    (B) Oxygen

    (C) Nitrogen

    (D) Methane
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: B) Oxygen

    Explanation: Photolysis of water in Photosystem II splits water into protons, electrons, and free Oxygen (O2).
11. Meristematic tissues in plants are characterized by:
    पादपों में विभज्योतक (Meristematic) ऊतक की मुख्य विशेषता क्या है?
    (A) Dead cells

    (B) Cells that divide continuously

    (C) Permanent fixed shape

    (D) Large centralized vacuoles
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: B) Cells that divide continuously

    Explanation: Meristematic cells are actively dividing, undifferentiated cells responsible for ongoing growth.
12. What is 'Transpiration' in plants?
    पौधों में 'वाष्पोत्सर्जन' (Transpiration) क्या है?
    (A) Absorption of water by roots

    (B) Loss of water vapor from aerial surfaces (leaves)

    (C) Translocation of carbohydrates

    (D) Secondary thickening of roots
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: B) Loss of water vapor from aerial surfaces (leaves)

    Explanation: Transpiration pulls water upward from roots through transpiration pull and helps cool the plant.
13. The microscopic pores on leaf epidermis that mediate gas exchange and transpiration are called:
    पत्तियों की सतह पर गैसीय विनिमय और वाष्पोत्सर्जन के लिए पाए जाने वाले सूक्ष्म छिद्र कहलाते हैं:
    (A) Lenticels

    (B) Stomata

    (C) Hydathodes

    (D) Cuticles
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: B) Stomata

    Explanation: Stomata are flanked by specialized guard cells that open and close based on turgor changes.
14. Which divalent metal ion is held at the center of the porphyrin ring of chlorophyll?
    क्लोरोफिल अणु के केंद्र में कौन सा धातु आयन मौजूद होता है?
    (A) Iron

    (B) Magnesium

    (C) Calcium

    (D) Zinc
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: B) Magnesium

    Explanation: Magnesium (Mg2+) sits at the core of the chlorophyll molecule, essential for capturing light photons.
15. What is the primary function of Sclerenchyma tissue?
    दृढ़ोतक (Sclerenchyma) ऊतक का मुख्य कार्य क्या है?
    (A) Photosynthesis

    (B) Providing mechanical strength and rigidity

    (C) Nutrient absorption

    (D) Water storage
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: B) Providing mechanical strength and rigidity

    Explanation: Sclerenchyma cells possess heavily lignified, dead walls that provide structural stiffness (e.g., coconut husk).
16. The light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis occurs specifically in the:
    प्रकाश संश्लेषण की प्रकाश अभिक्रिया विशेष रूप से कहाँ होती है?
    (A) Stroma

    (B) Grana (Thylakoids)

    (C) Cytosol

    (D) Mitochondrial matrix
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: B) Grana (Thylakoids)

    Explanation: Thylakoid membranes in grana house Photosystems I & II, ATP synthase, and the electron transport chain.
17. Which lateral meristem is responsible for secondary growth (increase in stem girth/thickness)?
    तने की मोटाई (द्वितीयक वृद्धि) बढ़ाने के लिए कौन सा पार्श्व विभज्योतक जिम्मेदार है?
    (A) Apical Meristem

    (B) Vascular Cambium

    (C) Intercalary Meristem

    (D) Ground Parenchyma
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: B) Vascular Cambium

    Explanation: Vascular cambium produces secondary xylem inwards (wood) and secondary phloem outwards, thickening the trunk.
18. The bending of plant stems toward light (Phototropism) is primarily driven by:
    प्रकाश की ओर तने का मुड़ना (प्रकाशानुवर्तन) मुख्य रूप से किसके कारण होता है?
    (A) Auxin migrating to the shaded side

    (B) Gibberellin breakdown under light

    (C) Rapid loss of water via stomata

    (D) Inhibition of cell division by Cytokinins
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: A) Auxin migrating to the shaded side

    Explanation: Auxin redistributes toward the shaded flank, stimulating cell elongation there and bending the shoot toward light.
19. Which of the following plants possesses the specialized C4 pathway (Kranz anatomy)?
    निम्नलिखित में से किस पौधे में C4 मार्ग (क्रैंज़ शारीरिकी) पाई जाती है?
    (A) Rice

    (B) Wheat

    (C) Maize

    (D) Potato
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: C) Maize

    Explanation: Maize and sugarcane utilize the C4 pathway with Kranz anatomy to suppress photorespiration under high temperatures.
20. The gritty texture and hardness of pear pulp is caused by:
    नाशपाती के गूदे का कड़ापन और खुरदरापन किसके कारण होता है?
    (A) Aerenchyma

    (B) Sclereids (Stone cells)

    (C) Collenchyma

    (D) Chlorenchyma
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: B) Sclereids (Stone cells)

    Explanation: Sclereids are short, highly lignified sclerenchyma cells that produce gritty textures in fruits.
21. What is 'Guttation'?
    'बिंदुस्राव' (Guttation) क्या है?
    (A) Vapor loss through open stomata

    (B) Exudation of liquid water droplets from leaf margins

    (C) Sap flow through lenticels

    (D) Pollen discharge during anthesis
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: B) Exudation of liquid water droplets from leaf margins

    Explanation: High root pressure forces liquid water out of specialized pore structures called hydathodes at leaf margins.
22. Which parenchymatous tissue provides buoyancy to hydrophytes (aquatic plants)?
    जलीय पौधों (Hydrophytes) को तैरने में कौन सा ऊतक मदद करता है?
    (A) Aerenchyma

    (B) Collenchyma

    (C) Sclerenchyma

    (D) Storage parenchyma
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: A) Aerenchyma

    Explanation: Aerenchyma contains large internal air cavities that promote buoyancy and gas diffusion.
23. The dark reaction (Calvin Cycle) of photosynthesis takes place in the:
    प्रकाश संश्लेषण की अप्रकाशीय अभिक्रिया (केल्विन चक्र) कहाँ होती है?
    (A) Thylakoid lumen

    (B) Stroma

    (C) Peroxisome

    (D) Outer chloroplast membrane
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: B) Stroma

    Explanation: The fluid stroma contains RuBisCO and other soluble enzymes required to fix CO2 into sugars.
24. Downward root growth in response to Earth's gravitational field is called:
    गुरुत्वाकर्षण के प्रभाव में जड़ों की नीचे की ओर वृद्धि क्या कहलाती है?
    (A) Negative phototropism

    (B) Positive geotropism

    (C) Chemotropism

    (D) Thigmonasty
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: B) Positive geotropism

    Explanation: Root tips display positive geotropism (growing along gravity vectors), mediated by statoliths in root caps.
25. Which floral organ develops into the botanical 'fruit' following fertilization?
    निषेचन के बाद फूल का कौन सा भाग 'फल' में विकसित होता है?
    (A) Ovule

    (B) Ovary

    (C) Receptacle

    (D) Carpel style
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: B) Ovary

    Explanation: The fertilized ovary matures into the fruit wall/pericarp, while the enclosed ovules become seeds.
26. Double fertilization is a diagnostic characteristic of which plant group?
    'दोहरा निषेचन' किस पादप समूह का विशिष्ट लक्षण है?
    (A) Gymnosperms

    (B) Bryophytes

    (C) Angiosperms

    (D) Pteridophytes
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: C) Angiosperms

    Explanation: In angiosperms, one sperm fertilizes the egg (zygote) and the second fuses with polar nuclei (triploid endosperm).
27. The receptive surface of the carpel adapted to capture pollen grains is the:
    परागकणों को ग्रहण करने वाला स्त्रीकेसर का चिपचिपा भाग क्या कहलाता है?
    (A) Style

    (B) Stigma

    (C) Anther

    (D) Filament
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: B) Stigma

    Explanation: The stigma has a glandular, sticky surface optimized for pollen adhesion and germination.
28. Which symbiotic bacteria live inside leguminous root nodules to fix atmospheric nitrogen?
    दलहनी फसलों की जड़ों में वायुमंडलीय नाइट्रोजन स्थिरीकरण करने वाला जीवाणु कौन सा है?
    (A) Azotobacter

    (B) Rhizobium

    (C) Nitrosomonas

    (D) Clostridium
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: B) Rhizobium

    Explanation: Rhizobium uses nitrogenase enzyme complexes within root nodules to reduce N2 into bioavailable ammonia.
29. The technique of cultivating plants in soilless, mineral-rich nutrient solutions is known as:
    बिना मिट्टी के पोषक घोल में पौधे उगाने की तकनीक को क्या कहा जाता है?
    (A) Aeroponics

    (B) Hydroponics

    (C) Tissue culture

    (D) Aquaponics
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: B) Hydroponics

    Explanation: Hydroponics delivers calibrated mineral solutions directly to plant roots without soil substrate.
30. Which seed tissue provides nutritive support to the developing embryo in angiosperms?
    आवृतबीजी पौधों में विकासशील भ्रूण को पोषण कौन प्रदान करता है?
    (A) Testa

    (B) Endosperm

    (C) Radicle

    (D) Hypocotyl
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: B) Endosperm

    Explanation: Endosperm tissue stores carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids to sustain the germinating embryo.

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