General Studies: Biology Digestive Mock Test – Free Online Practice

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Practice Questions (30 of 61)

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  1. Which enzyme is found in human saliva that initiates the digestion of starch?
    मानव लार में कौन सा एंजाइम पाया जाता है जो स्टार्च का पाचन शुरू करता है?
    (A) Pepsin
    (B) Trypsin
    (C) Ptyalin (Salivary Amylase)
    (D) Lipase
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: C) Ptyalin (Salivary Amylase)
    Explanation: Lari amaylez (Ptyalin) mukh guha me hi starch (carbohydrate) ko maltose me tod kar pachan shuru kar deta hai.
  2. What is the typical pH value of gastric juice (HCl) in the human stomach?
    आमाशय में जठर रस (HCl) का सामान्य pH मान कितना होता है?
    (A) 1.5 to 3.5
    (B) 7.0
    (C) 8.5
    (D) 5.6
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: A) 1.5 to 3.5
    Explanation: Pet ka gastric juice Hydrochloric acid (HCl) ki wajah se highly acidic (pH 1.5 - 3.5) hota hai taaki enzymes activate ho sakein aur bacteria marein.
  3. Which enzyme converts dietary proteins into peptones in the acidic medium of the stomach?
    आमाशय के अम्लीय माध्यम में कौन सा एंजाइम प्रोटीन को पेप्टोन में बदलता है?
    (A) Amylase
    (B) Pepsin
    (C) Trypsin
    (D) Lipase
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Pepsin
    Explanation: Chief cells se inactive pepsinogen nikalta hai, jo HCl ke contact me aakar active Pepsin banta hai aur protein ko peptones me todta hai.
  4. What is the primary function of dietary 'Roughage' (fiber) in the digestive system?
    पाचन में 'रुक्षांश' (फाइबर/मोटा चारा) का प्राथमिक कार्य क्या है?
    (A) Providing immediate energy
    (B) Aiding bowel movement and preventing constipation
    (C) Building muscle mass
    (D) Synthesizing fat-soluble vitamins
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Aiding bowel movement and preventing constipation
    Explanation: Roughage se energy to nahi milti, lekin ye fecal matter ko bulk deta hai jisse aanto me peristalsis theek rehta hai aur constipation nahi hota.
  5. Where is Bile produced and where is it stored and concentrated in the human body?
    मानव शरीर में पित्त (Bile) क्रमशः कहाँ बनता है और कहाँ संचित होता है?
    (A) Produced in Liver, Stored in Gallbladder
    (B) Produced in Stomach, Stored in Pancreas
    (C) Produced in Spleen, Stored in Kidney
    (D) Produced in Gallbladder, Stored in Liver
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: A) Produced in Liver, Stored in Gallbladder
    Explanation: Bile juice ka production Liver ke hepatocytes karte hain, jabki iska storage aur concentration Gallbladder (pittashay) me hota hai.
  6. Which organ in the human body possesses the highest capacity for cellular division and regeneration?
    मानव शरीर के किस अंग में कोशिका विभाजन और पुनर्योजन (Regeneration) की क्षमता सबसे अधिक होती है?
    (A) Brain
    (B) Heart
    (C) Liver
    (D) Kidney
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: C) Liver
    Explanation: Liver ke pas sabse tez cell division ki power hoti hai, agar iska 70% hissa cut bhi ho jaye to ye wapas pura grow kar sakta hai.
  7. Which intestinal hormone stimulates the Gallbladder to contract and discharge concentrated bile?
    कौन सा हार्मोन पित्ताशय को सिकोड़कर पित्त (Bile) छोड़ने के लिए उत्तेजित करता है?
    (A) Insulin
    (B) Secretin
    (C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
    (D) Gastrin
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
    Explanation: Jab duodenal mucosa me fat enter karta hai, to CCK hormone nikalta hai jo gallbladder ko contract karke bile ko release karwata hai.
  8. The three principal digestive enzymes present in Pancreatic Juice (LAT) are:
    अग्नाशयी रस (Pancreatic Juice) में पाए जाने वाले तीन मुख्य एंजाइम कौन से हैं?
    (A) Pepsin, Rennin, Ptyalin
    (B) Lipase, Amylase, Trypsin
    (C) Maltase, Sucrase, Lactase
    (D) Erepsin, Gastrin, Enterokinase
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Lipase, Amylase, Trypsin
    Explanation: Pancreas complete digestive juice nikalta hai jisme Lipase (fat ke liye), Amylase (carbs ke liye) aur Trypsin (protein ke liye) hote hain.
  9. Which simple monosaccharide provides instantaneous cellular energy and is the end-product of carbohydrate digestion?
    कौन सी सरल शर्करा तत्काल ऊर्जा देती है और कार्बोहाइड्रेट पाचन का अंतिम उत्पाद है?
    (A) Fructose
    (B) Sucrose
    (C) Glucose
    (D) Galactose
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: C) Glucose
    Explanation: Carbohydrates ka pachan ant me Glucose me hota hai, jise cells direct absorb karke ATP (energy) banati hain.
  10. What is the final absorbable molecular product of complete protein digestion in the small intestine?
    छोटी आंत में प्रोटीन के पूर्ण पाचन का अंतिम अवशोषित होने वाला उत्पाद क्या होता है?
    (A) Peptones
    (B) Polypeptides
    (C) Amino Acids
    (D) Fatty Acids
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: C) Amino Acids
    Explanation: Proteins pehle peptones, fir peptides aur aakhir me intestinal peptidases ke dwara individual Amino Acids me toot jate hain.
  11. What is the primary physiological function of the Large Intestine (Colon)?
    बड़ी आंत (कोलोन) का प्राथमिक कार्य क्या होता है?
    (A) Digestion of complex lipids
    (B) Absorption of water, electrolytes, and formation of feces
    (C) Secretion of protein enzymes
    (D) Emulsification of bile pigments
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Absorption of water, electrolytes, and formation of feces
    Explanation: Badi aant me pachan nahi hota; iska main kaam unpache kachre se paani aur minerals ko reabsorb karke solid stool banana hai.
  12. Which vestigial lymphoid structure extends from the caecum, which aided in cellulose digestion in ancient ancestors?
    सीकम से जुड़ा कौन सा अवशेषी अंग (Vestigial Organ) है जो पूर्वजों में सेलुलोज पचाने के काम आता था?
    (A) Duodenum
    (B) Vermiform Appendix
    (C) Gallbladder
    (D) Epiglottis
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Vermiform Appendix
    Explanation: Vermiform Appendix manushya me ek avsheshi ang hai, jabki grass khane wale herbivores me ye cellulose pachan me help karta hai.
  13. The yellow pigment of human feces is primarily imparted by the breakdown product:
    मानव मल का पीला रंग मुख्य रूप से किस वर्णक के कारण होता है?
    (A) Melanin
    (B) Bilirubin and Stercobilin
    (C) Chlorophyll
    (D) Urochrome
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Bilirubin and Stercobilin
    Explanation: Purani RBCs ke hemoglobin tootne se Bilirubin banta hai, jo aanto ke bacteria dwara Stercobilin me badal kar stool ko yellow/brown rang deta hai.
  14. In which terminal dilated pouch of the large intestine is fecal matter stored prior to defecation?
    मल त्याग से पहले अनपचा अपशिष्ट पदार्थ बड़ी आंत के किस भाग में संचित रहता है?
    (A) Stomach
    (B) Rectum (Malashay)
    (C) Ileum
    (D) Caecum
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Rectum (Malashay)
    Explanation: Rectum (Malashay) fecal waste ko temporary store karta hai, jab tak ki neural reflex ke zariye defecation na ho.
  15. What is the physiological term for utilizing absorbed nutrients within somatic cells for growth and energy?
    अवशोषित पोषक तत्वों का कोशिकाओं द्वारा ऊर्जा और मरम्मत के लिए उपयोग करना क्या कहलाता है?
    (A) Ingestion
    (B) Assimilation (Swangikaran)
    (C) Mastication
    (D) Egestion
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Assimilation (Swangikaran)
    Explanation: Blood dwara cell tak pahunche amino acids, glucose aur fats ka cell ke protoplasm ka hissa banna Assimilation kehlata hai.
  16. The mechanical breakdown of large fat globules into minute microscopic droplets by bile salts is termed:
    पित्त लवणों द्वारा वसा के बड़े गोलों को छोटी बूंदों में तोड़ने की भौतिक प्रक्रिया क्या कहलाती है?
    (A) Esterification
    (B) Emulsification (Payasikaran)
    (C) Saponification
    (D) Deamination
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Emulsification (Payasikaran)
    Explanation: Bile salts fat drops ko sabun ki tarah physically choti boondo me todte hain (Emulsification) taaki pancreatic lipase unpar tezi se kaam kar sake.
  17. The rhythmic wave-like involuntary muscular contractions propelling chyme along the alimentary canal are called:
    आहार नाल में भोजन को आगे खिसकाने वाली लयबद्ध मांसपेशियों की संकुचन गति क्या कहलाती है?
    (A) Deglutition
    (B) Peristalsis (Kramanukunchan)
    (C) Osmosis
    (D) Chemiosmosis
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Peristalsis (Kramanukunchan)
    Explanation: Alimentary canal ki smooth muscles ke alternate contraction aur relaxation ko Peristalsis kehte hain, jo khane ko aage dhakelta hai.
  18. Which mucosal pouch marks the junction where the terminal ileum meets the large intestine?
    बड़ी आंत का वह शुरुआती अंध-थैली (Blind Pouch) भाग कौन सा है जहाँ छोटी आंत आकर जुड़ती है?
    (A) Colon
    (B) Caecum
    (C) Rectum
    (D) Anal canal
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Caecum
    Explanation: Caecum badi aant ka shuruati hissa hai jahan ileocaecal valve hoti hai aur yahi par symbiotic bacteria rehte hain.
  19. In which anatomical tube of the gastrointestinal tract does NO enzymatic digestion or absorption occur?
    पाचन नाल के किस भाग में किसी भी प्रकार का एंजाइमी पाचन या अवशोषण नहीं होता है?
    (A) Buccal cavity
    (B) Esophagus (Food pipe)
    (C) Duodenum
    (D) Ileum
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Esophagus (Food pipe)
    Explanation: Esophagus me koi digestive enzyme nahi banta; iska akele kaam bolus ko peristalsis ke zariye muh se pet tak pahunchana hai.
  20. Which fluid is secreted into the duodenum that contains NO digestive enzymes yet is indispensable for lipid digestion?
    ग्रहणी में स्रावित होने वाला कौन सा द्रव कोई एंजाइम नहीं रखता, फिर भी वसा पाचन के लिए अनिवार्य है?
    (A) Gastric juice
    (B) Bile juice
    (C) Saliva
    (D) Succus entericus
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Bile juice
    Explanation: Bile juice me koi enzyme nahi hota, par iske bile salts acid ko neutralize karte hain aur fat ka emulsification karte hain.
  21. Which hormone released by duodenal S-cells stimulates the Pancreas to secrete watery bicarbonate-rich juice?
    ग्रहणी द्वारा छोड़ा जाने वाला कौन सा हार्मोन अग्नाशय को क्षारीय बाइकार्बोनेट रस छोड़ने के लिए प्रेरित करता है?
    (A) Gastrin
    (B) Secretin
    (C) Cholecystokinin
    (D) Enterokinase
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Secretin
    Explanation: Secretin hormone acid chyme ke aane par nikalta hai aur pancreas ko bicarbonate release karne ka order deta hai taaki acid neutralize ho sake.
  22. What is the semi-liquid acidic pulpy mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum?
    आमाशय में जठर रस के साथ अच्छी तरह पिस चुके अम्लीय भोजन की लुगदी को क्या कहा जाता है?
    (A) Bolus
    (B) Chyme
    (C) Chyle
    (D) Micelle
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Chyme
    Explanation: Muh me saliva se mile khane ko Bolus kehte hain, pet me pise acid wale khane ko Chyme kehte hain, aur aant ke milky fluid ko Chyle kehte hain.
  23. Which proteolytic enzyme coagulates milk protein (casein) into curd in infants?
    शिशुओं के पेट में दूध के प्रोटीन (कैसीन) को जमाकर दही में बदलने वाला एंजाइम कौन सा है?
    (A) Pepsin
    (B) Rennin (Chymosin)
    (C) Trypsin
    (D) Lipase
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Rennin (Chymosin)
    Explanation: Rennin bacho ke pet me paya jata hai jo soluble casein protein ko curd (paracasein) me jamata hai taaki pepsin use asaani se pacha sake.
  24. Which bactericidal enzyme present in saliva and tears hydrolyzes bacterial peptidoglycan cell walls?
    लार और आँसुओं में मौजूद कौन सा जीवाणुरोधी एंजाइम बैक्टीरिया की कोशिका भित्ति को नष्ट करता है?
    (A) Ptyalin
    (B) Lysozyme
    (C) Mucin
    (D) Pepsin
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Lysozyme
    Explanation: Lysozyme ek natural antiseptic ki tarah kaam karta hai aur khane ke sath muh me aane wale harmful bacteria ko phod deta hai.
  25. Which salivary gland is anatomically the largest and can become inflamed in mumps viral infection?
    मानव शरीर की सबसे बड़ी लार ग्रंथि कौन सी है, जो मम्प्स (गलसुआ) वायरस से संक्रमित होकर सूज जाती है?
    (A) Sublingual
    (B) Parotid gland
    (C) Submandibular
    (D) Lacrimal
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Parotid gland
    Explanation: Parotid gland kaan ke theek niche hoti hai aur sabse badi salivary gland hai; saanp me yahi gland venom (zahar) theli me convert hoti hai.
  26. Why are humans physiologically unable to digest plant cellulose fibers?
    मनुष्य कच्ची घास या लकड़ी में मौजूद सेलुलोज को पचाने में असमर्थ क्यों होते हैं?
    (A) Absence of grinding molars
    (B) Lack of the enzyme cellulase and symbiotic rumen microflora
    (C) Extreme acidity of stomach HCl
    (D) Excessive bile secretion
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Lack of the enzyme cellulase and symbiotic rumen microflora
    Explanation: Insano me Cellulase enzyme nahi banta aur na hi cellulose pachane wale gut bacteria hote hain, isliye cellulose roughage ban kar bahar nikal jata hai.
  27. What is the approximate total length of the continuous human alimentary canal from mouth to anus?
    मुख से लेकर गुदा तक फैली संपूर्ण मानव आहार नाल की अनुमानित लंबाई कितनी होती है?
    (A) 10 to 12 feet
    (B) 30 to 32 feet (about 9 meters)
    (C) 50 feet
    (D) 15 feet
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) 30 to 32 feet (about 9 meters)
    Explanation: Manav aahar naal ek lambi continuous muscular tube hai jo lagbhag 30-32 feet (9 meters) lambi hoti hai.
  28. Which cartilaginous leaf-shaped flap prevents aspirated food particles from entering the laryngeal trachea during swallowing?
    निगलते समय भोजन को श्वासनली (Trachea) में जाने से रोकने वाला कार्टिलेज का ढक्कन क्या कहलाता है?
    (A) Glottis
    (B) Epiglottis
    (C) Pharynx
    (D) Uvula
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Epiglottis
    Explanation: Epiglottis ek traffic police ki tarah hai, jo khana nigalte waqt windpipe (glottis) ko dhak deta hai taaki khana saans ki nali me na phase.
  29. Which specialized lymphatic capillaries located within the mucosal villi of the small intestine absorb emulsified lipids?
    छोटी आंत के रसांकुरों (Villi) में वसा और ग्लिसरॉल के अवशोषण के लिए कौन सी विशेष लसिका केशिकाएं होती हैं?
    (A) Haustra
    (B) Lacteals
    (C) Crypts of Lieberkühn
    (D) Peyer's patches
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Lacteals
    Explanation: Dietary fats blood capillaries me direct enter nahi kar sakte, isliye villi ke andar moujood Lacteals (lymph vessels) unhe absorb karti hain.
  30. Severe childhood protein-energy malnutrition characterized by marked muscle wasting without edema is:
    शिशुओं में प्रोटीन और कैलोरी दोनों की गंभीर कमी से होने वाला अत्यधिक दुर्बलता वाला रोग कौन सा है?
    (A) Kwashiorkor
    (B) Marasmus
    (C) Pellagra
    (D) Rickets
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Marasmus
    Explanation: Marasmus protein aur total calories dono ki kami se hota hai (sukha rog), jabki Kwashiorkor sirf protein ki kami se pet nikalne (edema) wala rog hai.
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