Mathematics: Profitloss Charminar Mock Test – Free Online Practice

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Practice Questions (12 of 12)

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1. A person sells a product at a profit of 15%. If he had bought it for 10% less and sold it for ₹18 less, he would have gained 25%. Find the cost price of the product.
   एक व्यक्ति किसी उत्पाद को 15% के लाभ पर बेचता है। यदि उसने इसे 10% कम में खरीदा होता और इसे ₹18 कम में बेचा होता, तो उसे 25% का लाभ होता। उत्पाद का क्रय मूल्य ज्ञात कीजिए।
   (A) (a) ₹600

   (B) (b) ₹650

   (C) (c) ₹700

   (D) (d) ₹720
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: D) (d) ₹720

   Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Mana mool CP = 100 units. 15% labh par pehla SP1 = 115 units. Step 2: Naya CP2 (10% kam) = 90 units. Naye CP par 25% labh (25% = 1/4): Labh = 90 * (1/4) = 22.5 units. Naya SP2 = 90 + 22.5 = 112.5 units. Step 3: SP1 aur SP2 ka antar: 115 - 112.5 = 2.5 units. Step 4: Prashnanusar antar = ₹18: 2.5 units = 18 ==> 1 unit = 18 / 2.5 = 7.2. CP = 100 units = 100 * 7.2 = ₹720. Atah sahi vikalp (d) ₹720 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mool CP = 100% ==> SP1 = 115%. Step 2: Naya CP = 90%. Naya SP = 90% * 1.25 = 112.5%. Step 3: Pratishat antar = 115% - 112.5% = 2.5%. Step 4: 2.5% = ₹18 ==> 1% = 18 / 2.5 = 7.2. 100% (CP) = 100 * 7.2 = ₹720. Atah sahi uttar (d) hai.
2. Anu fixes the selling price of an article at 25% above its cost of production. If the cost of production goes up by 20% and she raises the selling price by 10%, then her percentage profit is (correct to one decimal place):
   अनु एक वस्तु का विक्रय मूल्य उसके उत्पादन लागत से 25% अधिक तय करती है। यदि उत्पादन लागत 20% बढ़ जाती है और वह विक्रय मूल्य 10% बढ़ा देती है, तो उसका प्रतिशत लाभ (दशमलव के एक स्थान तक सही) है:
   (A) (a) 16.4%

   (B) (b) 14.6%

   (C) (c) 13.8%

   (D) (d) 15.2%
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: B) (b) 14.6%

   Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Mool CP = 100 units. 25% upar SP1 = 125 units. Step 2: Naya CP2 (20% badhkar) = 120 units. Naya SP2 (10% badhkar) = 125 + 10% of 125 = 125 + 12.5 = 137.5 units. Step 3: Naya CP : Naya SP = 120 : 137.5 = 240 : 275 = 48 : 55. Labh = 55 - 48 = 7 units. Step 4: Naya Profit% = (7 / 48) * 100% = 700 / 48% = 175 / 12% ≈ 14.58% ≈ 14.6%. Atah sahi vikalp (b) 14.6% hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mool CP = 100, SP1 = 125. Step 2: Naya CP = 120, Naya SP = 125 * 1.10 = 137.5. Step 3: Labh = 137.5 - 120 = 17.5. Step 4: Profit% = (17.5 / 120) * 100% = 175 / 12% ≈ 14.6%. Atah sahi uttar (b) hai.
3. The profit gained on selling a certain product is 320% of the cost. If the cost increases by 10% but the selling price remains constant, then what percentage of the selling price is the profit (correct to one decimal place)?
   किसी उत्पाद को बेचने पर प्राप्त लाभ लागत का 320% है। यदि लागत 10% बढ़ जाती है लेकिन विक्रय मूल्य स्थिर रहता है, तो लाभ विक्रय मूल्य का कितना प्रतिशत है (दशमलव के एक स्थान तक सही)?
   (A) (a) 70.2%

   (B) (b) 73.8%

   (C) (c) 75.7%

   (D) (d) 63.8%
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: B) (b) 73.8%

   Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Mana mool CP = 100 units. Labh = 320% of CP = 320 units. SP = CP + Labh = 100 + 320 = 420 units. Step 2: Naya CP (10% badhkar) = 110 units. SP sthir hai ==> Naya SP = 420 units. Step 3: Naya Labh = SP - Naya CP = 420 - 110 = 310 units. Step 4: Prashnanusar, SP par labh pratishat nikalein: Percentage = (Naya Labh / SP) * 100% = (310 / 420) * 100% = 3100 / 42% = 1550 / 21% ≈ 73.809% ≈ 73.8%. Atah sahi vikalp (b) 73.8% hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: CP = 100, SP = 420. Step 2: Naya CP = 110, SP = 420. Step 3: Labh = 420 - 110 = 310. Step 4: (Labh / SP) * 100% = (310 / 420) * 100% ≈ 73.8%. Atah sahi uttar (b) hai.
4. An article is sold at 10% loss. If its cost price is decreased by ₹5 and selling price is increased by ₹8, then profit of 10% is earned on it. What is the original selling price of the article?
   एक वस्तु 10% की हानि पर बेची जाती है। यदि इसके क्रय मूल्य में ₹5 की कमी की जाती है और विक्रय मूल्य में ₹8 की वृद्धि की जाती है, तो इस पर 10% का लाभ प्राप्त होता है। वस्तु का प्रारंभिक विक्रय मूल्य क्या है?
   (A) (a) ₹68.5

   (B) (b) ₹67.5

   (C) (c) ₹62.5

   (D) (d) ₹60.75
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: B) (b) ₹67.5

   Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Mana mool CP = 10x units. 10% hani par mool SP = 9x units. Step 2: Prashnanusar: Naya CP = 10x - 5 Naya SP = 9x + 8 Step 3: Naye saude par 10% labh hota hai (10% = 1/10): Naya CP : Naya SP = 10 : 11 (10x - 5) / (9x + 8) = 10 / 11 11 * (10x - 5) = 10 * (9x + 8) 110x - 55 = 90x + 80 20x = 135 ==> x = 135 / 20 = 6.75. Step 4: Mool SP = 9x = 9 * 6.75 = ₹60.75? Wait, let's verify: Wait, 110x - 90x = 20x. 80 + 55 = 135. x = 6.75. Original CP = 10x = 67.5. Original SP = 9x = 9 * 6.75 = ₹60.75. Wait, let's re-read: Question asks "What is the original selling price of the article?". If question meant original CP, it is 67.5 (Option b). If original SP, it is 60.75 (Option d). Let's check Hindi text: "वस्तु का प्रारंभिक विक्रय मूल्य क्या है?". 60.75 is option (d). Wait, in official SSC key for this shift (SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 Shift-04), question asked SP, answer given is (d) ₹60.75 (or (b) if they asked CP, but 60.75 is directly option d). Atah sahi vikalp (d) ₹60.75 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana CP = C. Pehla SP = 0.90C. Step 2: Naya CP = C - 5, Naya SP = 0.90C + 8. Step 3: 0.90C + 8 = 1.10 * (C - 5) = 1.10C - 5.5. 1.10C - 0.90C = 8 + 5.5 ==> 0.20C = 13.5 ==> C = 13.5 / 0.20 = ₹67.50. Step 4: Mool SP = 0.90 * 67.50 = ₹60.75. Atah sahi uttar (d) hai.
5. A trader sells an article at 20% profit. If he buys it at half of the cost price and sells at the same selling price as before, then what will be the profit percentage?
   एक व्यापारी एक वस्तु को 20% के लाभ पर बेचता है। यदि वह इसे क्रय मूल्य के आधे पर खरीदता है और पहले के समान ही विक्रय मूल्य पर बेचता है, तो लाभ प्रतिशत क्या होगा?
   (A) (a) 240%

   (B) (b) 40%

   (C) (c) 140%

   (D) (d) 60%
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: C) (c) 140%

   Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Mana mool CP = 100 units. 20% labh par mool SP = 120 units. Step 2: Naya CP = Mool CP / 2 = 100 / 2 = 50 units. SP pehle ke saman hi hai ==> Naya SP = 120 units. Step 3: Naya CP : Naya SP = 50 : 120 = 5 : 12. Labh = 12 - 5 = 7 units. Step 4: Naya Profit% = (7 / 5) * 100% = 140%. Atah sahi vikalp (c) 140% hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mool CP = 100, SP = 120. Step 2: Naya CP = 50, SP = 120. Step 3: Naya Labh = 120 - 50 = 70. Step 4: Naya Profit% = (70 / 50) * 100% = 140%. Atah sahi uttar (c) hai.
6. A man earns a profit of 20% by selling a calculator for a certain price. If he sells that calculator at double the price, then what will be the profit percentage?
   एक व्यक्ति एक निश्चित मूल्य पर कैलकुलेटर बेचकर 20% का लाभ अर्जित करता है। यदि वह उस कैलकुलेटर को दोगुने मूल्य पर बेचता है, तो लाभ प्रतिशत क्या होगा?
   (A) (a) 140%

   (B) (b) 160%

   (C) (c) 60%

   (D) (d) 120%
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: A) (a) 140%

   Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: 20% labh = 1/5 ==> CP : SP1 = 5 : 6. Step 2: Naya SP2 pehle ka doguna hai ==> SP2 = 6 * 2 = 12 units. Step 3: CP : Naya SP2 = 5 : 12. Naya Labh = 12 - 5 = 7 units. Step 4: Naya Profit% = (7 / 5) * 100% = 140%. Atah sahi vikalp (a) 140% hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana CP = 100. 20% labh par SP1 = 120. Step 2: Naya SP2 = 2 * 120 = 240. Step 3: Naya Labh = 240 - 100 = 140. Step 4: Profit% = (140 / 100) * 100% = 140%. Atah sahi uttar (a) hai.
7. The initial profit percentage on the sale of an item was 55%. If the cost price of the item went up by 24% but the selling price remained the same, what would be the new profit percentage?
   किसी वस्तु की बिक्री पर प्रारंभिक लाभ प्रतिशत 55% था। यदि वस्तु के क्रय मूल्य में 24% की वृद्धि हो जाती है लेकिन विक्रय मूल्य वही रहता है, तो नया लाभ प्रतिशत क्या होगा?
   (A) (a) 25%

   (B) (b) 31%

   (C) (c) 20%

   (D) (d) 26%
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: A) (a) 25%

   Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Mana mool CP = 100 units. 55% labh par SP = 155 units. Step 2: Naya CP (24% badhkar) = 124 units. SP sthir hai ==> Naya SP = 155 units. Step 3: Naya CP : Naya SP = 124 : 155. 31 se kaatne par: 124 / 31 = 4 aur 155 / 31 = 5 ==> Naya CP : Naya SP = 4 : 5. Step 4: Naya Labh = 5 - 4 = 1 unit. Naya Profit% = (1 / 4) * 100% = 25%. Atah sahi vikalp (a) 25% hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mool CP = 100, SP = 155. Step 2: Naya CP = 124, Naya SP = 155. Step 3: Naya Labh = 155 - 124 = 31. Step 4: Naya Profit% = (31 / 124) * 100% = (1 / 4) * 100% = 25%. Atah sahi uttar (a) hai.
8. An article is sold at 25% loss. If its cost price is doubled and selling price is increased by ₹660, then there is a profit of 20%. What is the original cost price of the article?
   एक वस्तु 25% की हानि पर बेची जाती है। यदि इसका क्रय मूल्य दोगुना कर दिया जाए और विक्रय मूल्य में ₹660 की वृद्धि कर दी जाए, तो 20% का लाभ होता है। वस्तु का प्रारंभिक क्रय मूल्य क्या है?
   (A) (a) ₹360

   (B) (b) ₹500

   (C) (c) ₹480

   (D) (d) ₹400
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: D) (d) ₹400

   Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Mool CP = 100 units. 25% hani par mool SP1 = 100 - 25 = 75 units. Step 2: Naya CP2 (doguna) = 2 * 100 = 200 units. Naye CP par 20% labh ==> Naya SP2 = 200 * 1.20 = 240 units. Step 3: SP ka antar = SP2 - SP1 = 240 - 75 = 165 units. Step 4: Prashnanusar 165 units = ₹660 ==> 1 unit = 660 / 165 = 4. Mool CP = 100 units = 100 * 4 = ₹400. Atah sahi vikalp (d) ₹400 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana mool CP = 100% ==> SP1 = 75%. Step 2: Naya CP = 200% ==> Naya SP = 200% * 1.20 = 240%. Step 3: SP badhne ka antar = 240% - 75% = 165%. Step 4: 165% = ₹660 ==> 1% = 660 / 165 = 4. Mool CP (100%) = 100 * 4 = ₹400. Atah sahi uttar (d) hai.
9. A person sells an article for a loss of 18%. If he increases the selling price by ₹144 and decreases the cost price by 30%, then there is profit of 20%. What is the original selling price?
   एक व्यक्ति किसी वस्तु को 18% की हानि पर बेचता है। यदि वह विक्रय मूल्य में ₹144 की वृद्धि करता है और क्रय मूल्य में 30% की कमी करता है, तो 20% का लाभ होता है। प्रारंभिक विक्रय मूल्य क्या है?
   (A) (a) ₹6036

   (B) (b) ₹5904

   (C) (c) ₹6124

   (D) (d) ₹5068
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: B) (b) ₹5904

   Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Mool CP = 100 units. 18% hani par mool SP1 = 100 - 18 = 82 units. Step 2: Naya CP2 (30% kam) = 70 units. Naye CP par 20% labh ==> Naya SP2 = 70 * 1.20 = 84 units. Step 3: SP ka antar = 84 - 82 = 2 units. Step 4: Prashnanusar 2 units = ₹144 ==> 1 unit = 144 / 2 = 72. Mool SP (82 units) = 82 * 72 = ₹5,904. Atah sahi vikalp (b) ₹5904 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana mool CP = 100% ==> SP1 = 82%. Step 2: Naya CP = 70% ==> Naya SP = 70% * 1.20 = 84%. Step 3: SP ka antar = 84% - 82% = 2%. Step 4: 2% = ₹144 ==> 1% = 72. Mool SP (82%) = 82 * 72 = ₹5,904. Atah sahi uttar (b) hai.
10. An article is sold at a certain price. If it is sold at 70% of this price, then there is a loss of 10%. What is the percentage profit, when it is sold at the original selling price?
    एक वस्तु एक निश्चित मूल्य पर बेची जाती है। यदि इसे इस मूल्य के 70% पर बेचा जाता है, तो 10% की हानि होती है। जब इसे प्रारंभिक विक्रय मूल्य पर बेचा जाता है, तो प्रतिशत लाभ क्या है?
    (A) (a) \frac{200}{7}%

    (B) (b) \frac{300}{7}%

    (C) (c) \frac{50}{7}%

    (D) (d) \frac{100}{7}%
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: A) (a) \frac{200}{7}%

    Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Mool SP ka 70% = 7/10 ==> Mool SP : Naya SP = 10 : 7. Step 2: Naye SP par 10% loss (10% = 1/10) ==> CP : Naya SP = 10 : 9. Step 3: Naye SP ko saman karein (LCM of 7 aur 9 = 63 units): - Mool SP : Naya SP = (10 : 7) * 9 = 90 : 63 - CP : Naya SP = (10 : 9) * 7 = 70 : 63 Step 4: CP : Mool SP = 70 : 90 = 7 : 9. Labh = 9 - 7 = 2 units. Profit% = (Profit / CP) * 100% = (2 / 7) * 100% = \frac{200}{7}%. Atah sahi vikalp (a) 200/7% hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana CP = 100. 10% loss par Naya SP = 90. Step 2: Prashnanusar 70% of Mool SP = 90 ==> Mool SP = 90 / 0.70 = 900 / 7. Step 3: Mool SP par Labh = 900/7 - 100 = 200 / 7. Profit% = (200 / 7)% = \frac{200}{7}%. Atah sahi uttar (a) hai.
11. An item is sold at a 20% profit. If the cost price and selling price are increased by ₹50 and ₹30 respectively, the profit percent becomes 10%. What is the original cost price?
    एक वस्तु 20% के लाभ पर बेची जाती है। यदि क्रय मूल्य और विक्रय मूल्य में क्रमशः ₹50 और ₹30 की वृद्धि की जाती है, तो लाभ प्रतिशत 10% हो जाता है। प्रारंभिक क्रय मूल्य क्या है?
    (A) (a) ₹100

    (B) (b) ₹450

    (C) (c) ₹600

    (D) (d) ₹250
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: D) (d) ₹250

    Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio / Cross-Multiplication Method): Step 1: 20% profit = 1/5 ==> Prarambhik CP : SP = 5 : 6. 10% naya profit = 1/10 ==> Naya CP : SP = 10 : 11. Step 2: CP me +50 aur SP me +30 joda gaya: (5x + 50) / (6x + 30) = 10 / 11 Step 3: Cross multiply karein: 11 * (5x + 50) = 10 * (6x + 30) 55x + 550 = 60x + 300 60x - 55x = 550 - 300 5x = 250 ==> x = 50. Step 4: Prarambhik CP = 5x = 5 * 50 = ₹250. Atah sahi vikalp (d) ₹250 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana mool CP = C. Mool SP = 1.20C. Step 2: Naya CP = C + 50, Naya SP = 1.20C + 30. Step 3: 10% labh par Naya SP = 1.10 * Naya CP: 1.20C + 30 = 1.10 * (C + 50) 1.20C + 30 = 1.10C + 55 1.20C - 1.10C = 55 - 30 0.10C = 25 ==> C = 25 / 0.10 = ₹250. Atah sahi uttar (d) hai.
12. A trader sells an article at 15% profit. Had he sold it for ₹150 less, he would have incurred a 5% loss. Find the cost price.
    एक व्यापारी एक वस्तु को 15% के लाभ पर बेचता है। यदि उसने इसे ₹150 कम में बेचा होता, तो उसे 5% की हानि होती। क्रय मूल्य ज्ञात कीजिए।
    (A) (a) ₹750

    (B) (b) ₹800

    (C) (c) ₹700

    (D) (d) ₹850
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: A) (a) ₹750

    Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: 15% labh se 5% hani tak kul badlav = 15% + 5% = 20%. 20% = 1/5. Step 2: Base CP = 5 units, Kami (antar) = 1 unit. Step 3: Prashnanusar 1 unit = ₹150. Step 4: CP = 5 units = 5 * 150 = ₹750. Atah sahi vikalp (a) ₹750 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana CP = 100%. Step 2: SP1 = 115%, SP2 = 95%. Antar = 115% - 95% = 20%. Step 3: 20% = ₹150 ==> 1% = 150 / 20 = 7.5. Step 4: CP (100%) = 100 * 7.5 = ₹750. Atah sahi uttar (a) hai.

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