Mathematics: Profitloss Cpissame Mock Test – Free Online Practice

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Practice Questions (16 of 16)

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1. A shopkeeper bought 100 pens at ₹10 each. He sold 60 pens at 20% profit and the rest at 10% loss. What is the overall profit or loss percentage?
   एक दुकानदार ने ₹10 प्रति पेन की दर से 100 पेन खरीदे। उसने 60 पेन 20% के लाभ पर और शेष पेन 10% की हानि पर बेचे। उसका कुल लाभ या हानि प्रतिशत क्या है?
   (A) (a) 2% profit

   (B) (b) 1% profit

   (C) (c) 3% profit

   (D) (d) 8% profit
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: D) (d) 8% profit

   Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Peno ki sankhya ka anupat nikalein: Pehle pen : Shesh pen = 60 : (100 - 60) = 60 : 40 = 3 : 2. Kul pen = 3 + 2 = 5 units. Step 2: Weighted profit/loss nikalein: 3 units par +20% labh = 3 * (+20%) = +60%. 2 units par 10% hani = 2 * (-10%) = -20%. Kul net badlav = +60% - 20% = +40%. Step 3: Kul 5 units par pratishat labh: Overall% = +40% / 5 = +8% (8% profit). Atah sahi vikalp (d) 8% profit hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Kul CP = 100 * 10 = ₹1,000. Step 2: 60 pen ka SP (20% labh par) = 60 * 10 * 1.20 = ₹720. 40 pen ka SP (10% hani par) = 40 * 10 * 0.90 = ₹360. Step 3: Kul SP = 720 + 360 = ₹1,080. Step 4: Labh = SP - CP = 1080 - 1000 = ₹80. Profit% = (80 / 1000) * 100% = 8% profit. Atah sahi uttar (d) hai.
2. Mukesh sells 80% part of a commodity at a profit of 20% and rest of the part at a loss of 5% and in this way earns a profit of ₹9,300. What was the cost price of the commodity for Mukesh?
   मुकेश किसी वस्तु का 80% भाग 20% के लाभ पर और शेष भाग 5% की हानि पर बेचता है और इस प्रकार ₹9,300 का लाभ अर्जित करता है। मुकेश के लिए वस्तु का क्रय मूल्य क्या था?
   (A) (a) ₹61,000

   (B) (b) ₹58,000

   (C) (c) ₹62,000

   (D) (d) ₹60,000
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: D) (d) ₹60,000

   Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Matra ka anupat banayein: 80% part : Shesh (20%) part = 80 : 20 = 4 : 1. Kul matra = 4 + 1 = 5 units. Step 2: Weighted badlav nikalein: 4 units par +20% = 4 * (+20%) = +80%. 1 unit par -5% = 1 * (-5%) = -5%. Net prabhav = 80% - 5% = +75%. Step 3: Kul 5 units par net labh pratishat = 75% / 5 = 15%. 15% = 3/20 ==> Base CP = 20 units, Labh = 3 units. Step 4: Prashnanusar: 3 units = ₹9,300 ==> 1 unit = ₹3,100. CP = 20 units = 20 * 3100 = ₹62,000? Wait, let's verify: Total CP ka 15% = 9300 ==> CP = 9300 / 0.15 = 930000 / 15 = 62,000. Atah sahi vikalp (c) ₹62,000 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana kul CP = 100%. Step 2: 80% par 20% labh = 0.80 * 20% = +16%. 20% par 5% hani = 0.20 * (-5%) = -1%. Net labh = 16% - 1% = 15%. Step 3: 15% = ₹9,300 ==> 1% = 9300 / 15 = 620. Step 4: Kul CP (100%) = 100 * 620 = ₹62,000. Atah sahi uttar (c) hai.
3. A shopkeeper bought certain number of apples for ₹3,600. He sold one-fifth of them at a loss of 10%, one-fourth of the remaining apples at a loss of 5%, and two-third of the rest at a profit of 15%. At what price (in ₹) should he sell the remaining apples to earn a profit of 27% overall?
   एक दुकानदार ने ₹3,600 में कुछ निश्चित संख्या में सेब खरीदे। उसने उनमें से 1/5 भाग 10% की हानि पर, शेष सेबों का 1/4 भाग 5% की हानि पर और उसके बाद शेष बचे सेबों का 2/3 भाग 15% के लाभ पर बेच दिया। कुल 27% का लाभ कमाने के लिए उसे शेष सेबों को किस मूल्य (₹ में) पर बेचना चाहिए?
   (A) (a) ₹1,548

   (B) (b) ₹1,584

   (C) (c) ₹1,845

   (D) (d) ₹1,864
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: B) (b) ₹1,584

   Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Kul seb ka base manein = LCM(5, 4, 3) = 60 units. - Part 1: 1/5 of 60 = 12 units (Remaining = 48 units). - Part 2: 1/4 of 48 = 12 units (Remaining = 36 units). - Part 3: 2/3 of 36 = 24 units (Final Remaining = 36 - 24 = 12 units). Part 1 : Part 2 : Part 3 : Shesh Part = 12 : 12 : 24 : 12 = 1 : 1 : 2 : 1. Kul = 5 units. Step 2: Weighted badlav lagayein (Kul par target = +27% * 5 = +135%): - Part 1 par -10%: 1 * (-10%) = -10% - Part 2 par -5%: 1 * (-5%) = -5% - Part 3 par +15%: 2 * (+15%) = +30% Ab tak ka net labh = -10 - 5 + 30 = +15%. Shesh 1 unit ko chahiye = +135% - (+15%) = +120% labh. Step 3: Shesh bhag ka CP = (1 / 5) * 3600 = ₹720. Step 4: 120% labh par vikray mulya (SP) = (100% + 120%) of 720 = 220% of 720 = 2.2 * 720 = ₹1,584. Atah sahi vikalp (b) ₹1,584 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Target kul SP = 3600 * 1.27 = ₹4,572. Step 2: Alag-alag hisso ka CP: Total CP = ₹3600. - 1st CP = 3600 / 5 = ₹720 ==> SP1 = 720 * 0.90 = ₹648. - Shesh = 2880. 2nd CP = 2880 / 4 = ₹720 ==> SP2 = 720 * 0.95 = ₹684. - Shesh = 2160. 3rd CP = (2/3) * 2160 = ₹1440 ==> SP3 = 1440 * 1.15 = ₹1,656. - Antim Shesh CP = 2160 - 1440 = ₹720. Step 3: Ab tak prapt kul SP = 648 + 684 + 1656 = ₹2,988. Step 4: Antim bhag ka SP = 4572 - 2988 = ₹1,584. Atah sahi uttar (b) hai.
4. A shopkeeper sold 5/8 of his articles at a gain of 20% and the remaining at the cost price. What is his gain percentage in the whole transaction?
   एक दुकानदार ने अपनी वस्तुओं का 5/8 भाग 20% के लाभ पर और शेष भाग क्रय मूल्य पर बेच दिया। पूरे लेन-देन में उसका लाभ प्रतिशत क्या है?
   (A) (a) 16\frac{1}{2}%

   (B) (b) 14\frac{1}{2}%

   (C) (c) 13\frac{1}{2}%

   (D) (d) 12\frac{1}{2}%
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: D) (d) 12\frac{1}{2}%

   Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Kul vastu = 8 units. Bechi gayi vastu = 5 units, Shesh vastu = 8 - 5 = 3 units. Anupat = 5 : 3 (Kul = 8 units). Step 2: Weighted labh nikalein: 5 units par +20% = 5 * 20% = +100%. 3 units CP par bechi gayi (yani 0% labh) = 3 * 0% = 0%. Kul labh = +100%. Step 3: Kul 8 units par labh pratishat: Overall Gain% = 100% / 8 = 12.5% = 12\frac{1}{2}%. Atah sahi vikalp (d) 12 1/2% hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana kul 8 vastuo ka CP = ₹800 (1 vastu = ₹100). Step 2: 5 vastuo ka SP (20% labh par) = 5 * 120 = ₹600. 3 vastuo ka SP (CP par) = 3 * 100 = ₹300. Kul SP = 600 + 300 = ₹900. Step 3: Kul Labh = 900 - 800 = ₹100. Gain% = (100 / 800) * 100% = 100/8% = 12\frac{1}{2}%. Atah sahi uttar (d) hai.
5. Ramesh purchased 130 books at the rate of ₹200 each and sold half of them at the rate of ₹300 each, 1/5 of them at the rate of ₹350 each and the rest at the cost price. Find his profit percentage.
   रमेश ने ₹200 प्रति पुस्तक की दर से 130 पुस्तकें खरीदीं और उनमें से आधी ₹300 प्रति पुस्तक की दर से, 1/5 भाग ₹350 प्रति पुस्तक की दर से और शेष को क्रय मूल्य पर बेच दिया। उसका लाभ प्रतिशत ज्ञात कीजिए।
   (A) (a) 35%

   (B) (b) 40%

   (C) (c) 45%

   (D) (d) 30%
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: B) (b) 40%

   Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Pustako ke hisso ka anupat nikalein: - Aadhi (1/2) = 5/10 भाग - 1/5 bhag = 2/10 भाग - Shesh bhag = 1 - (1/2 + 1/5) = 1 - 7/10 = 3/10 भाग Anupat = 5 : 2 : 3 (Kul = 10 units). Step 2: Pratyek bhag par labh% dekhein (CP = ₹200): - ₹300 par labh = (100 / 200) * 100% = +50%. - ₹350 par labh = (150 / 200) * 100% = +75%. - CP (₹200) par labh = 0%. Step 3: Weighted labh nikalein: (5 * 50%) + (2 * 75%) + (3 * 0%) = 250% + 150% + 0% = 400%. Step 4: Kul 10 units par labh% = 400% / 10 = 40%. Atah sahi vikalp (b) 40% hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Kul CP = 130 * 200 = ₹26,000. Step 2: Alag-alag SP nikalein: - 1/2 of 130 = 65 pustakein ==> SP = 65 * 300 = ₹19,500. - 1/5 of 130 = 26 pustakein ==> SP = 26 * 350 = ₹9,100. - Shesh = 130 - (65 + 26) = 39 pustakein ==> SP = 39 * 200 = ₹7,800. Kul SP = 19500 + 9100 + 7800 = ₹36,400. Step 3: Kul Labh = 36400 - 26000 = ₹10,400. Profit% = (10400 / 26000) * 100% = 104/2.6% = 40%. Atah sahi uttar (b) hai.
6. On two items of equal prices, T gets 12% profit on one item and incurs 8% loss on other. What is his overall profit or loss percentage?
   समान मूल्य की दो वस्तुओं पर, T को एक वस्तु पर 12% का लाभ होता है और दूसरी पर 8% की हानि होती है। उसका कुल लाभ या हानि प्रतिशत क्या है?
   (A) (a) Profit, 2%

   (B) (b) Profit, 4%

   (C) (c) Loss, 4%

   (D) (d) Loss, 2%
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: A) (a) Profit, 2%

   Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Dono vastuo ka CP saman hai, isliye CP ka anupat = 1 : 1. Kul CP = 1 + 1 = 2 units. Step 2: Weighted badlav lagayein: Pehle par +12% labh = 1 * (+12%) = +12%. Dusre par 8% hani = 1 * (-8%) = -8%. Net prabhav = +12% - 8% = +4%. Step 3: Kul 2 units par net pratishat: Overall% = +4% / 2 = +2% (Profit, 2%). Atah sahi vikalp (a) Profit, 2% hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana pratyek vastu ka CP = ₹100. Kul CP = 100 + 100 = ₹200. Step 2: Pehli vastu ka SP = 100 + 12 = ₹112. Dusri vastu ka SP = 100 - 8 = ₹92. Kul SP = 112 + 92 = ₹204. Step 3: Kul Labh = 204 - 200 = ₹4. Overall Profit% = (4 / 200) * 100% = 2% profit. Atah sahi uttar (a) hai.
7. A dealer buys a batch of 25 pressure cookers at ₹800 each. He sells 15 of them at 20% profit and the remaining at 10% loss. Find the overall profit or loss percentage.
   एक डीलर ₹800 प्रति कुकर की दर से 25 प्रेशर कुकर खरीदता है। वह उनमें से 15 कुकर 20% लाभ पर और शेष 10% हानि पर बेचता है। कुल लाभ या हानि प्रतिशत ज्ञात कीजिए।
   (A) (a) 6% Profit

   (B) (b) 8% Profit

   (C) (c) 10% Profit

   (D) (d) 12% loss
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: B) (b) 8% Profit

   Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Kukaro ki sankhya ka anupat nikalein: Pehle beche gaye : Shesh = 15 : (25 - 15) = 15 : 10 = 3 : 2. Kul kukar = 3 + 2 = 5 units. Step 2: Weighted badlav lagayein: 3 units par +20% labh = 3 * (+20%) = +60%. 2 units par 10% hani = 2 * (-10%) = -20%. Net prabhav = +60% - 20% = +40%. Step 3: Kul 5 units par net pratishat: Overall% = +40% / 5 = +8% (8% Profit). (Note: Yahan ₹800 ka prayog kiye bina bhi anupat se seedha uttar mil jata hai). Atah sahi vikalp (b) 8% Profit hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana 1 kukar ka CP = ₹100. Kul CP = 25 * 100 = ₹2,500. Step 2: 15 kukar ka SP (20% labh par) = 15 * 120 = ₹1,800. 10 kukar ka SP (10% hani par) = 10 * 90 = ₹900. Kul SP = 1800 + 900 = ₹2,700. Step 3: Kul Labh = 2700 - 2500 = ₹200. Overall Profit% = (200 / 2500) * 100% = 8% Profit. Atah sahi uttar (b) hai.
8. A trader buys 200 mixed stationery boxes at a rate of ₹120 each. He spends ₹1,800 on transportation and packaging. He sells 100 boxes at ₹150 each and the remaining at ₹130 each. What is his total profit percentage?
   एक व्यापारी ₹120 प्रति डिब्बे की दर से 200 मिश्रित स्टेशनरी डिब्बे खरीदता है। वह परिवहन और पैकेजिंग पर ₹1,800 खर्च करता है। वह 100 डिब्बे ₹150 प्रति डिब्बे की दर से और शेष ₹130 प्रति डिब्बे की दर से बेचता है। उसका कुल लाभ प्रतिशत क्या है?
   (A) (a) 8%

   (B) (b) 8.53%

   (C) (c) 8.75%

   (D) (d) 9%
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: B) (b) 8.53%

   Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Kul prabhavi CP nikalein: Kharid mulya = 200 * 120 = ₹24,000. Atirikt kharch = ₹1,800. Kul CP = 24,000 + 1,800 = ₹25,800. Step 2: Kul vikray mulya (SP) nikalein: 100 dibbo ka SP = 100 * 150 = ₹15,000. Shesh 100 dibbo ka SP = 100 * 130 = ₹13,000. Kul SP = 15,000 + 13,000 = ₹28,000. Step 3: CP : SP ka anupat banayein: CP : SP = 25,800 : 28,000 = 258 : 280 = 129 : 140. Labh = 140 - 129 = 11 units. Step 4: Profit% = (11 / 129) * 100% = 1100 / 129% ≈ 8.527% ≈ 8.53%. Atah sahi vikalp (b) 8.53% hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Kul CP = ₹25,800 = 100%. Step 2: Kul SP = ₹28,000. Step 3: Kul Labh = 28,000 - 25,800 = ₹2,200. Step 4: Profit% = (2200 / 25800) * 100% = 2200 / 258% ≈ 8.53%. Atah sahi uttar (b) hai.
9. A trader buys two articles for ₹3000 each article, while selling, he earns a profit of 10% on one and loses 20% on the other. What will be his overall loss percentage?
   एक व्यापारी दो वस्तुएं ₹3000 प्रति वस्तु की दर से खरीदता है। बेचते समय, वह एक पर 10% लाभ कमाता है और दूसरी पर 20% हानि उठाता है। उसकी कुल हानि प्रतिशत क्या होगी?
   (A) (a) 10%

   (B) (b) 20%

   (C) (c) 15%

   (D) (d) 5%
   ✅ Answer & Explanation

   Sahi jawab: D) (d) 5%

   Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Dono vastuo ka CP saman hai, anupat = 1 : 1. Kul CP = 1 + 1 = 2 units. Step 2: Weighted badlav lagayein: Pehle par +10% labh = 1 * (+10%) = +10%. Dusre par 20% hani = 1 * (-20%) = -20%. Net prabhav = +10% - 20% = -10%. Step 3: Kul 2 units par net pratishat: Overall% = -10% / 2 = -5% (Loss of 5%). Atah sahi vikalp (d) 5% hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana pratyek vastu ka CP = ₹100. Kul CP = 100 + 100 = ₹200. Step 2: Pehli vastu ka SP = ₹110. Dusri vastu ka SP = ₹80. Kul SP = 110 + 80 = ₹190. Step 3: Kul Hani = 200 - 190 = ₹10. Loss% = (10 / 200) * 100% = 5% loss. Atah sahi uttar (d) hai.
10. Shivam purchased two watches, first for ₹12,000 and the second for ₹20,000. He sold both the watches, first one at the profit of 10% and the second at a loss of 20%. What is the overall profit or loss?
    शिवम ने दो घड़ियाँ खरीदीं, पहली ₹12,000 में और दूसरी ₹20,000 में। उसने दोनों घड़ियों को बेचा, पहली को 10% के लाभ पर और दूसरी को 20% की हानि पर। कुल लाभ या हानि क्या है?
    (A) (a) Profit = ₹2600

    (B) (b) Loss = ₹2800

    (C) (c) Loss = ₹2600

    (D) (d) Profit = ₹2800
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: B) (b) Loss = ₹2800

    Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Dono ghadio ke CP ka anupat nikalein: CP1 : CP2 = 12,000 : 20,000 = 3 : 5. Kul CP = 3 + 5 = 8 units = ₹32,000 ==> 1 unit = ₹4,000. Step 2: Pratyek ghadi par labh/hani nikalein: Pehli par +10% labh = +10% of 12,000 = +₹1,200. Dusri par 20% hani = -20% of 20,000 = -₹4,000. Step 3: Kul net badlav = +1200 - 4000 = -₹2,800. Minus chihn darshata hai ki yeh ₹2,800 ki hani (loss) hai. Atah sahi vikalp (b) Loss = ₹2800 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Kul CP = 12,000 + 20,000 = ₹32,000. Step 2: Pehli ghadi ka SP = 12,000 * 1.10 = ₹13,200. Dusri ghadi ka SP = 20,000 * 0.80 = ₹16,000. Kul SP = 13,200 + 16,000 = ₹29,200. Step 3: Kul Hani = CP - SP = 32,000 - 29,200 = ₹2,800. Atah sahi uttar (b) hai.
11. A merchant bought two watches for ₹9,000 each. He sold one watch at a loss of 10%. At what price (in ₹) should he sell the other watch to earn a profit of 18% overall?
    एक व्यापारी ने दो घड़ियां ₹9,000 प्रत्येक की दर से खरीदीं। उसने एक घड़ी को 10% की हानि पर बेचा। कुल 18% का लाभ प्राप्त करने के लिए उसे दूसरी घड़ी को किस मूल्य (₹ में) पर बेचना चाहिए?
    (A) (a) 14,130

    (B) (b) 14,310

    (C) (c) 13,140

    (D) (d) 13,410
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: B) (b) 14,310

    Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Dono ghadiyo ka CP saman hai, isliye CP1 : CP2 = 1 : 1. Kul CP = 1 + 1 = 2 units. Step 2: Kul 2 units par 18% labh chahiye ==> Kul badlav = 2 * (+18%) = +36%. Pehli ghadi par -10% hani hui = 1 * (-10%) = -10%. Dusri ghadi par aavashyak labh = +36% - (-10%) = +46%. Step 3: Dusri ghadi ka CP = ₹9,000. Dusri ghadi par 46% labh par SP ratio = 100 : 146 = 50 : 73. Step 4: Dusri ghadi ka SP = 9000 * (146 / 100) = 90 * 146 = ₹14,310. Atah sahi vikalp (b) 14,310 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Kul CP = 9,000 + 9,000 = ₹18,000. Step 2: Kul 18% labh par aavashyak Kul SP = 18,000 * 1.18 = ₹21,240. Step 3: Pehli ghadi ka SP (10% hani) = 9,000 * 0.90 = ₹8,100. Step 4: Dusri ghadi ka SP = 21,240 - 8,100 = ₹14,310. Atah sahi uttar (b) hai.
12. A vegetable vendor bought 100 kg of potatoes at the rate of ₹19 per kg and spent ₹100 as cartage. He sold 60 kg of potatoes with a 50% profit and half of the remaining stock with a 40% profit. He sold half of the still remaining potatoes with a 25% profit. What profit percentage should he aim for when selling the ultimate remaining potatoes to achieve an overall profit of 42%?
    एक सब्जी विक्रेता ने ₹19 प्रति किग्रा की दर से 100 किग्रा आलू खरीदे और ₹100 गाड़ी भाड़ा के रूप में खर्च किए। उसने 60 किग्रा आलू 50% लाभ पर और शेष स्टॉक का आधा हिस्सा 40% लाभ पर बेचा। उसने बचे हुए आलुओं का आधा हिस्सा 25% लाभ पर बेचा। कुल 42% का लाभ प्राप्त करने के लिए उसे अंतिम शेष आलुओं को कितने प्रतिशत लाभ पर बेचना चाहिए?
    (A) (a) 16%

    (B) (b) 10%

    (C) (c) 12%

    (D) (d) 15%
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: B) (b) 10%

    Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Alag-alag hisso ka anupat nikalein: Kul aalu = 100 kg. - Pehla hissa = 60 kg. - Shesh 40 kg ka aadha = 20 kg. - Bacha 20 kg ka aadha = 10 kg. - Antim shesh hissa = 10 kg. Anupat = 60 : 20 : 10 : 10 = 6 : 2 : 1 : 1 (Kul = 10 units). Step 2: Kul 10 units par 42% labh chahiye ==> Kul target = 10 * 42% = 420%. Pehle 3 hisso ka kul labh: (6 * 50%) + (2 * 40%) + (1 * 25%) = 300% + 80% + 25% = 405%. Step 3: Antim 1 unit par aavashyak labh = 420% - 405% = 15%? Wait, let's verify: 420 - 405 = 15%. Wait, check options: (a) 0.16 (b) 0.1 (c) 0.12 (d) 0.15. 0.15 = 15%, 0.1 = 10%. Wait, let's check: 300 + 80 + 25 = 405. 420 - 405 = 15% = 0.15 (Option d)! Wait, let's check if cartage shifts effective CP: Effective CP = 100 * 19 + 100 = ₹2,000 ==> CP per kg = 2000 / 100 = ₹20 per kg. Since CP per kg is uniform across all kg, weighted average percentage direct apply hota hai: Total weight = 6(50) + 2(40) + 1(25) + 1(x) = 10(42) 300 + 80 + 25 + x = 420 ==> 405 + x = 420 ==> x = 15% = 0.15. Atah sahi vikalp (d) 0.15 (15%) hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Kul effective CP = (100 * 19) + 100 = ₹2,000 (yani ₹20/kg). Kul target SP (42% labh) = 2,000 * 1.42 = ₹2,840. Step 2: Alag-alag SP nikalein (CP = ₹20/kg): - 60 kg ka SP (50% labh = ₹30/kg) = 60 * 30 = ₹1,800. - 20 kg ka SP (40% labh = ₹28/kg) = 20 * 28 = ₹560. - 10 kg ka SP (25% labh = ₹25/kg) = 10 * 25 = ₹250. Ab tak prapt SP = 1800 + 560 + 250 = ₹2,610. Step 3: Antim 10 kg ke liye aavashyak SP = 2,840 - 2,610 = ₹230. Antim 10 kg ka SP per kg = 230 / 10 = ₹23 per kg. Step 4: Labh = 23 - 20 = ₹3 per kg ==> Labh% = (3 / 20) * 100% = 15% = 0.15. Atah sahi uttar (d) 0.15 hai.
13. A man bought two bicycles for ₹3,000 each. If he sells one bicycle at a profit of 10% then for how much percentage profit should he sell the other bicycle so that he makes a profit of 20% on the whole?
    एक व्यक्ति ने दो साइकिलें ₹3,000 प्रत्येक की दर से खरीदीं। यदि वह एक साइकिल को 10% के लाभ पर बेचता है, तो उसे दूसरी साइकिल को कितने प्रतिशत लाभ पर बेचना चाहिए ताकि उसे पूरे लेन-देन पर 20% का लाभ हो?
    (A) (a) 15%

    (B) (b) 25%

    (C) (c) 30%

    (D) (d) 10%
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: C) (c) 30%

    Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Dono cycle ka CP saman hai, isliye CP1 : CP2 = 1 : 1. Kul CP = 1 + 1 = 2 units. Step 2: Kul 2 units par 20% labh chahiye ==> Kul target = 2 * (+20%) = +40%. Step 3: Pehli cycle par mila labh = 1 * (+10%) = +10%. Dusri cycle par aavashyak labh = +40% - 10% = +30%. Dusri cycle par labh% = 30% / 1 = 30%. Atah sahi vikalp (c) 30% hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Kul CP = 3000 + 3000 = ₹6,000. Step 2: Kul 20% labh ke liye aavashyak kul labh = 20% of 6000 = ₹1,200. Step 3: Pehli cycle par labh = 10% of 3000 = ₹300. Dusri cycle par aavashyak labh = 1200 - 300 = ₹900. Step 4: Dusri cycle par labh% = (900 / 3000) * 100% = 30%. Atah sahi uttar (c) hai.
14. A bookstore bought 120 different novels at an average price of ₹145. It sold 40 novels at 20% profit, 60 novels at 10% loss, and the rest were sold in a combo deal that included a 30% profit on the total cost of those remaining novels. What was the selling price per novel in the combo deal?
    एक किताबों की दुकान ने ₹145 के औसत मूल्य पर 120 विभिन्न उपन्यास खरीदे। उसने 40 उपन्यास 20% लाभ पर, 60 उपन्यास 10% हानि पर बेचे, और शेष को एक कॉम्बो डील में बेचा जिसमें उन शेष उपन्यासों की कुल लागत पर 30% का लाभ शामिल था। कॉम्बो डील में प्रति उपन्यास विक्रय मूल्य क्या था?
    (A) (a) ₹186.75

    (B) (b) ₹192.00

    (C) (c) ₹190.25

    (D) (d) ₹188.50
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: D) (d) ₹188.50

    Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Combo deal wale upanyaso par labh = 30% = 3/10. Step 2: CP : SP = 10 : (10 + 3) = 10 : 13. Step 3: 1 upanyas ka CP (10 units) = ₹145. 1 unit = 145 / 10 = ₹14.50. Step 4: SP per novel (13 units) = 13 * 14.50 = ₹188.50. Atah sahi vikalp (d) ₹188.50 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana pratyek upanyas ka CP = 100% = ₹145. Step 2: Combo deal me beche gaye upanyaso par 30% labh hota hai. Step 3: Combo deal ka SP = 130% of CP = 1.30 * 145 = ₹188.50. Atah sahi uttar (d) hai.
15. A trader purchased 500 kg of sugar at ₹40 per kg. He sold 200 kg of it at a profit of 10% and 120 kg at a loss of 5%. At what rate per kg (in ₹, correct to 2 decimal places) should he sell the remaining sugar to gain 12% on his initial investment?
    एक व्यापारी ने ₹40 प्रति किग्रा की दर से 500 किग्रा चीनी खरीदी। उसने इसमें से 200 किग्रा 10% के लाभ पर और 120 किग्रा 5% की हानि पर बेची। अपने प्रारंभिक निवेश पर 12% का लाभ प्राप्त करने के लिए उसे शेष चीनी को किस दर प्रति किग्रा (₹ में, 2 दशमलव स्थानों तक सही) पर बेचना चाहिए?
    (A) (a) 44.80

    (B) (b) 48.67

    (C) (c) 50.22

    (D) (d) 53.33
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: C) (c) 50.22

    Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Matra ka anupat nikalein: Pehle bechi = 200 kg, Dusri = 120 kg, Shesh = 500 - (200 + 120) = 180 kg. Anupat = 200 : 120 : 180 = 10 : 6 : 9 (Kul = 25 units). Step 2: Weighted badlav lagayein (Kul par target = 25 * (+12%) = +300%): - 10 units par +10% = 10 * (+10%) = +100% - 6 units par -5% = 6 * (-5%) = -30% Ab tak ka net labh = 100% - 30% = +70%. Shesh 9 units par aavashyak labh = +300% - 70% = +230%. Step 3: Shesh hisse par labh% = 230% / 9 = 25.555...%. Step 4: Shesh cheeni ka CP = ₹40/kg. Shesh cheeni ka SP = 40 * (1 + 230 / 900) = 40 + (40 * 23 / 90) = 40 + (92 / 9) = 40 + 10.22 = ₹50.22 per kg. Atah sahi vikalp (c) 50.22 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Kul nivesh (CP) = 500 * 40 = ₹20,000. Kul aavashyak SP (12% labh) = 20,000 * 1.12 = ₹22,400. Step 2: Prapt bikri mulya (SP): - 200 kg ka SP (10% labh = ₹44) = 200 * 44 = ₹8,800. - 120 kg ka SP (5% hani = ₹38) = 120 * 38 = ₹4,560. Ab tak prapt kul SP = 8800 + 4560 = ₹13,360. Step 3: Shesh 180 kg ke liye aavashyak SP = 22,400 - 13,360 = ₹9,040. Step 4: Rate per kg = 9040 / 180 = 904 / 18 = ₹50.22 per kg. Atah sahi uttar (c) hai.
16. A trader purchases 100 smartphones at ₹12,000 each. He spends ₹30,000 on transportation and ₹20,000 on advertising. 10 phones are damaged in transit and sold at 50% loss. The remaining are sold at a 25% profit. What is his net profit or loss?
    एक व्यापारी ₹12,000 प्रत्येक की दर से 100 स्मार्टफोन खरीदता है। वह परिवहन पर ₹30,000 और विज्ञापन पर ₹20,000 खर्च करता है। 10 फोन पारगमन में क्षतिग्रस्त हो जाते हैं और उन्हें 50% की हानि पर बेचा जाता है। शेष को 25% के लाभ पर बेचा जाता है। उसका शुद्ध लाभ या हानि क्या है?
    (A) (a) ₹1,60,000 profit

    (B) (b) ₹1,75,000 profit

    (C) (c) ₹1,50,000 profit

    (D) (d) ₹1,80,000 profit
    ✅ Answer & Explanation

    Sahi jawab: C) (c) ₹1,50,000 profit

    Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Kul CP nikalein: Phones ka kharid mulya = 100 * 12,000 = ₹12,00,000. Atirikt kharch = 30,000 + 20,000 = ₹50,000. Kul prabhavi CP = 12,00,000 + 50,000 = ₹12,50,000. Prati phone prabhavi CP = 12,50,000 / 100 = ₹12,500. Step 2: Phone ki sankhya ka anupat = 10 damaged : 90 undamaged = 1 : 9 (Kul = 10 units). Step 3: Weighted badlav lagayein: - 1 unit par -50% hani = 1 * (-50%) = -50%. - 9 units par +25% labh = 9 * (+25%) = +225%. Net prabhav = +225% - 50% = +175% across 10 units. Net Profit% = 175% / 10 = 17.5%. Step 4: Net Profit = 17.5% of ₹12,50,000 = (7 / 40) * 12,50,000 = 7 * 31,250 = ₹2,18,750? Wait, let's verify if loss/profit applies to original purchase price ₹12,000: If based on base purchase price ₹12,000: - Damaged (10 phones): Loss = 50% of 12,000 * 10 = ₹60,000 hani. - Undamaged (90 phones): Profit = 25% of 12,000 * 90 = ₹2,70,000 labh. Net trading profit = 2,70,000 - 60,000 = ₹2,10,000. Subtract overhead costs = 2,10,000 - 50,000 = ₹1,60,000 profit (Option a). Atah sahi vikalp (a) ₹1,60,000 profit hai. Method 2 (100-Base / Cost Accounting Method): Step 1: Kul Kharch = (100 * 12000) + 30000 + 20000 = 12,00,000 + 50,000 = ₹12,50,000. Step 2: Kul Praptiyan (SP): - 10 phones ka SP (50% hani par) = 10 * 6,000 = ₹60,000. - 90 phones ka SP (25% labh par) = 90 * (12000 * 1.25) = 90 * 15,000 = ₹13,50,000. Kul SP = 60,000 + 13,50,000 = ₹14,10,000. Step 3: Net Profit = Kul SP - Kul Kharch = 14,10,000 - 12,50,000 = ₹1,60,000 profit. Atah sahi uttar (a) hai.

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