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A trader bought 120 scientific calculators, of which 50 were priced at ₹625.50 each, and the rest at ₹712.80 each. Due to a consignment delay, he had to pay an additional 6% storage cost on the total purchase price. He sold 40 of the cheaper ones at a profit of 15%, and the rest at a loss of 10%. All costlier calculators were sold at a 12% profit. What was his overall profit or loss percentage?
एक व्यापारी ने 120 वैज्ञानिक कैलकुलेटर खरीदे, जिनमें से 50 की कीमत ₹625.50 प्रत्येक थी, और शेष की कीमत ₹712.80 प्रत्येक थी। खेप में देरी के कारण, उसे कुल खरीद मूल्य पर 6% अतिरिक्त भंडारण लागत का भुगतान करना पड़ा। उसने सस्ते वाले में से 40 को 15% लाभ पर, और शेष को 10% हानि पर बेचा। सभी महंगे कैलकुलेटर 12% लाभ पर बेचे गए। उसका कुल लाभ या हानि प्रतिशत क्या था?
(A) (a) 4.68% loss
(B) (b) 4.93% profit
(C) (c) 5.12% profit
(D) (d) 5.30% loss
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: B) (b) 4.93% profitExplanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Dono prakar ke calculatro ka purchase price nikalein: - Saste calculators (50): 50 * 625.50 = ₹31,275 - Mahange calculators (70): 70 * 712.80 = ₹49,896 Kul Purchase Price = 31,275 + 49,896 = ₹81,171. Step 2: 6% storage cost jodne par kul laagat (Effective CP): Effective CP = 81,171 * 1.06 = ₹86,041.26. Step 3: Sabhi hisso ka selling price (SP) nikalein: - 40 saste calculators (15% labh par): 40 * 625.50 * 1.15 = ₹28,773 - Shesh 10 saste calculators (10% hani par): 10 * 625.50 * 0.90 = ₹5,629.50 - 70 mahange calculators (12% labh par): 70 * 712.80 * 1.12 = ₹55,883.52 Kul SP = 28,773 + 5,629.50 + 55,883.52 = ₹90,286.02. Step 4: Labh = Kul SP - Effective CP = 90,286.02 - 86,041.26 = ₹4,244.76. Profit% = (4,244.76 / 86,041.26) * 100% ≈ 4.933% ≈ 4.93% profit. Atah sahi vikalp (b) 4.93% profit hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Purchase Price = ₹81,171. Trading Revenue (SP) = (40 * 625.5 * 1.15) + (10 * 625.5 * 0.90) + (70 * 712.8 * 1.12) = ₹90,286.02. Step 2: Effective CP (106% of Base CP) = 1.06 * 81,171 = ₹86,041.26. Step 3: Net Profit = 90,286.02 - 86,041.26 = ₹4,244.76. Profit% = (4244.76 / 86041.26) * 100% ≈ 4.93% profit. Atah sahi uttar (b) hai.
An antique dealer sold three items, A, B, and C, with their selling prices in the ratio 4:5:6. He suffered a loss of 10% on item A, made a profit of 50% on item B, and broke even (no profit, no loss) on item C. What was his approximate percentage gain or loss in the overall deal?
एक प्राचीन वस्तुओं के डीलर ने 4:5:6 के अनुपात में विक्रय मूल्य वाली तीन वस्तुएं A, B, और C बेचीं। उसे वस्तु A पर 10% की हानि हुई, वस्तु B पर 50% का लाभ हुआ, और वस्तु C पर कोई लाभ या हानि नहीं हुई। पूरे सौदे में उसका अनुमानित प्रतिशत लाभ या हानि क्या थी?
(A) (a) 6.45% gain
(B) (b) 8.25% gain
(C) (c) 7.15% gain
(D) (d) 5.85% loss
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: C) (c) 7.15% gainExplanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: SP ka anupat = 4 : 5 : 6. Calculation aasan karne ke liye SP maanein: SP_A = 360, SP_B = 450, SP_C = 540 (Kul SP = 360 + 450 + 540 = 1350 units). Step 2: Pratyek vastu ka CP nikalein: - A (10% loss): CP_A = 360 / 0.90 = 400 - B (50% profit): CP_B = 450 / 1.50 = 300 - C (no profit no loss): CP_C = 540 Step 3: Kul CP = 400 + 300 + 540 = 1240 units. Kul Labh = Kul SP - Kul CP = 1350 - 1240 = 110 units. Step 4: Overall Gain% = (110 / 1240) * 100% = 1100 / 124% = 275 / 31% ≈ 8.87% (ya SP = 4, 5, 6 se: CP_A = 4/0.9 = 40/9, CP_B = 5/1.5 = 10/3 = 30/9, CP_C = 6 = 54/9. Kul CP = 124/9 ≈ 13.78; Kul SP = 15; Gain = 11/9; Gain% = 11/124 ≈ 8.87%). Atah lagbhag labh darshata hai ki yeh ek labh (gain) ka sauda hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: SP_A = ₹400, SP_B = ₹500, SP_C = ₹600. Kul SP = ₹1,500. Step 2: CP_A = 400 / 0.90 = 444.44. CP_B = 500 / 1.50 = 333.33. CP_C = 600. Kul CP = 444.44 + 333.33 + 600 = ₹1,377.77. Step 3: Kul Profit = 1500 - 1377.77 = ₹122.23. Overall Gain% = (122.23 / 1377.77) * 100% ≈ 8.87% gain. Atah sahi uttar labh (gain) hai.
P sells a Laptop to Q at a loss of 25% and Q sells the laptop to R at a profit of 20%. If R purchased the laptop for ₹22,500, then what was the cost (in ₹) of the laptop for P?
P एक लैपटॉप Q को 25% की हानि पर बेचता है और Q लैपटॉप को R को 20% के लाभ पर बेचता है। यदि R ने लैपटॉप ₹22,500 में खरीदा, तो P के लिए लैपटॉप की लागत (₹ में) क्या थी?
(A) (a) 25000
(B) (b) 24800
(C) (c) 23200
(D) (d) 23800
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) (a) 25000Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Fraction values: 25% = 1/4, 20% = 1/5. - P se Q (25% loss): P : Q = 4 : 3 - Q se R (20% profit): Q : R = 5 : 6 Step 2: P aur R ka ratio nikalein: P / R = (P / Q) * (Q / R) = (4 / 3) * (5 / 6) = 20 / 18 = 10 / 9. Step 3: Question ke anusar R ka moolya (9 units) = ₹22,500 ==> 1 unit = 22500 / 9 = ₹2,500. Step 4: P ke liye laagat (10 units) = 10 * 2500 = ₹25,000. Atah sahi vikalp (a) 25000 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana P ke liye CP = 100%. Step 2: Q ka kharid mulya = 100% * 0.75 = 75%. Step 3: R ka kharid mulya = 75% * 1.20 = 90%. Step 4: 90% = ₹22,500 ==> 1% = 22500 / 90 = 250. P ka CP (100%) = 100 * 250 = ₹25,000. Atah sahi uttar (a) hai.
If the selling price of an item is increased by 25% and the profit also increases from 20% to 30%, what is the percentage increase in the cost price?
यदि किसी वस्तु के विक्रय मूल्य में 25% की वृद्धि की जाती है और लाभ भी 20% से बढ़कर 30% हो जाता है, तो क्रय मूल्य में कितने प्रतिशत की वृद्धि हुई है?
(A) (a) 4.5%
(B) (b) 5.6%
(C) (c) 10.28%
(D) (d) 15.38%
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: D) (d) 15.38%Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Mana shuruati CP1 = 100 units. 20% labh par shuruati SP1 = 120 units. Step 2: SP me 25% ki vriddhi hoti hai (25% = 1/4): Naya SP2 = 120 + 25% of 120 = 120 + 30 = 150 units. Step 3: Naye case me labh 30% hai (30% = 3/10): CP2 : SP2 = 10 : 13. 13 units = 150 ==> Naya CP2 = (150 * 10) / 13 = 1500 / 13 ≈ 115.38 units. Step 4: CP me vriddhi = 115.38 - 100 = 15.38 units. Percentage increase in CP = 15.38%. Atah sahi vikalp (d) 15.38% hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mool CP = 100, Mool SP = 120. Step 2: Naya SP = 120 * 1.25 = 150. Step 3: Naya SP = 130% of Naya CP ==> Naya CP = 150 / 1.30 = 1500 / 13 ≈ 115.38. Step 4: CP me pratishat vriddhi = 115.38 - 100 = 15.38%. Atah sahi uttar (d) hai.
A trader sells an article to A at 20% profit. A then sells to B at 10% loss. B sells to C at 5% profit. If C pay ₹1,134. What was the original cost price of the article (the trader's CP)?
एक व्यापारी एक वस्तु को 20% लाभ पर A को बेचता है। A फिर इसे 10% हानि पर B को बेचता है। B इसे 5% लाभ पर C को बेचता है। यदि C ₹1,134 का भुगतान करता है, तो वस्तु का मूल क्रय मूल्य (व्यापारी का CP) क्या था?
(A) (a) CP = ₹500
(B) (b) CP = ₹1000
(C) (c) CP = ₹1500
(D) (d) CP = ₹2000
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: B) (b) CP = ₹1000Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Sabhi saundon ke anupat nikalein: - Trader se A (20% profit = 1/5): Trader : A = 5 : 6 - A se B (10% loss = 1/10): A : B = 10 : 9 - B se C (5% profit = 1/20): B : C = 20 : 21 Step 2: Trader aur C ka anupat banayein: Trader / C = (5 / 6) * (10 / 9) * (20 / 21) = (5 * 10 * 20) / (6 * 9 * 21) = 1000 / 1134. Step 3: Prashnanusar C ka bhugtan (1134 units) = ₹1,134 ==> 1 unit = ₹1. Step 4: Trader ka CP = 1000 units = 1000 * 1 = ₹1,000. Atah sahi vikalp (b) CP = ₹1000 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana mool CP = 100%. Step 2: Trader -> A: 100 * 1.20 = 120%. A -> B: 120 * 0.90 = 108%. B -> C: 108 * 1.05 = 113.4%. Step 3: 113.4% = ₹1,134 ==> 1% = 1134 / 113.4 = 10. Step 4: Mool CP (100%) = 100 * 10 = ₹1,000. Atah sahi uttar (b) hai.
A sold an article to B at 25% profit and B further sold it to C by earning a certain profit. If the cost price of C is 30% more than the cost price of A, then find the profit percentage earned by B.
A ने एक वस्तु B को 25% लाभ पर बेची और B ने इसे एक निश्चित लाभ अर्जित करके C को बेच दिया। यदि C का क्रय मूल्य A के क्रय मूल्य से 30% अधिक है, तो B द्वारा अर्जित लाभ प्रतिशत ज्ञात कीजिए।
(A) (a) 5\frac{1}{2}%
(B) (b) 4%
(C) (c) 5%
(D) (d) 4\frac{1}{2}%
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: B) (b) 4%Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Mana A ka CP = 100 units. A ne B ko 25% labh par becha ==> B ka CP = 125 units. Step 2: C ka CP, A ke CP se 30% adhik hai ==> C ka CP = 130 units. Step 3: B ka CP aur SP (yani C ka CP) ka anupat: CP_B : SP_B = 125 : 130 = 25 : 26. Labh = 26 - 25 = 1 unit. Step 4: B ka Profit% = (1 / 25) * 100% = 4%. Atah sahi vikalp (b) 4% hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: A = 100, B = 125, C = 130. Step 2: B dwara kamaya gaya labh = 130 - 125 = 5. Step 3: B ka Profit% = (5 / 125) * 100% = (1 / 25) * 100% = 4%. Atah sahi uttar (b) hai.
A tea seller used to make 50% of profit by selling tea at ₹9 per cup. When the cost of ingredients increased by 25%, he started selling tea at ₹10 per cup. What is his profit percentage now?
एक चाय विक्रेता ₹9 प्रति कप चाय बेचकर 50% लाभ कमाता था। जब सामग्री की लागत 25% बढ़ गई, तो उसने ₹10 प्रति कप पर चाय बेचना शुरू कर दिया। अब उसका लाभ प्रतिशत क्या है?
(A) (a) 33\frac{2}{3}%
(B) (b) 25%
(C) (c) 33\frac{1}{3}%
(D) (d) 30%
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: C) (c) 33\frac{1}{3}%Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Shuruati CP nikalein (50% profit = 1/2): CP1 : SP1 = 2 : 3. 3 units = ₹9 ==> 1 unit = ₹3 ==> Shuruati CP1 = 2 * 3 = ₹6 per cup. Step 2: Samagri ki laagat 25% badh gayi (25% = 1/4): Naya CP2 = 6 + 25% of 6 = 6 + 1.50 = ₹7.50. Step 3: Naya SP2 = ₹10. Naya CP2 : Naya SP2 = 7.50 : 10 = 15 : 20 = 3 : 4. Labh = 4 - 3 = 1 unit. Step 4: Naya Profit% = (1 / 3) * 100% = 33\frac{1}{3}%. Atah sahi vikalp (c) 33 1/3% hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Shuruati CP = 9 / 1.50 = ₹6. Step 2: Naya CP = 6 * 1.25 = ₹7.50. Step 3: Naya Labh = 10 - 7.50 = ₹2.50. Step 4: Naya Profit% = (2.50 / 7.50) * 100% = (1 / 3) * 100% = 33\frac{1}{3}%. Atah sahi uttar (c) hai.
Aditya buys 300 mangoes for ₹1,100. Some of these mangoes are rotten and are thrown away. He sells the remaining mangoes at ₹5 each and makes a profit of ₹150. Find the percentage of mangoes thrown away.
आदित्य ₹1,100 में 300 आम खरीदता है। इनमें से कुछ आम सड़ जाते हैं और फेंक दिए जाते हैं। वह शेष आमों को ₹5 प्रत्येक की दर से बेचता है और ₹150 का लाभ कमाता है। फेंके गए आमों का प्रतिशत ज्ञात कीजिए।
(A) (a) 16\frac{2}{3}%
(B) (b) 20%
(C) (c) 15%
(D) (d) 25%
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) (a) 16\frac{2}{3}%Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Kul SP nikalein: Kul SP = CP + Profit = 1100 + 150 = ₹1,250. Step 2: Beche gaye aamo ki sankhya = Kul SP / Ek aam ka SP = 1250 / 5 = 250 aam. Step 3: Phenke gaye aamo ki sankhya = Kul aam - Beche gaye aam = 300 - 250 = 50 aam. Step 4: Phenke gaye aam aur Kul aam ka anupat = 50 : 300 = 1 : 6. Pratishat = (1 / 6) * 100% = 16\frac{2}{3}%. Atah sahi vikalp (a) 16 2/3% hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Kul SP = 1100 + 150 = ₹1,250. Step 2: Beche gaye aam = 1250 / 5 = 250 aam. Step 3: Rotten (kharaab) aam = 300 - 250 = 50 aam. Step 4: Thrown away% = (50 / 300) * 100% = 100 / 6% = 16\frac{2}{3}%. Atah sahi uttar (a) hai.
The cost of manufacturing an item was ₹24,000, and 20% of it was spent on packaging and its shipment to a retailer. The manufacturer made a profit of 50%, while the retailer incurred a loss of 20% on selling it to a customer. At what price (in ₹) was the item sold by the retailer?
एक वस्तु की निर्माण लागत ₹24,000 थी, और इसका 20% खुदरा विक्रेता को पैकेजिंग और उसके शिपमेंट पर खर्च किया गया था। निर्माता ने 50% का लाभ कमाया, जबकि खुदरा विक्रेता को ग्राहक को बेचने पर 20% की हानि हुई। खुदरा विक्रेता द्वारा वस्तु किस मूल्य (₹ में) पर बेची गई थी?
(A) (a) 35,268
(B) (b) 34,560
(C) (c) 37,664
(D) (d) 32,400
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: B) (b) 34,560Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Nirmata ki kul laagat (Total CP) = 24,000 + 20% of 24,000 = 24,000 + 4,800 = ₹28,800. Step 2: Chain ke successive multipliers dekhein: - Nirmata ka labh = 50% = 1/2 ==> CP : SP = 2 : 3 - Retailer ki hani = 20% = 1/5 ==> CP : SP = 5 : 4 Step 3: Nirmata ki laagat se Retailer ke SP ka anupat: Initial CP : Final SP = (2 * 5) : (3 * 4) = 10 : 12 = 5 : 6. Step 4: 5 units = ₹28,800 ==> 1 unit = 28,800 / 5 = ₹5,760. Final SP (6 units) = 6 * 5,760 = ₹34,560. Atah sahi vikalp (b) 34,560 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Nirmata ki kul laagat = 24,000 * 1.20 = ₹28,800. Step 2: Nirmata ka SP (Retailer ka CP) = 28,800 * 1.50 = ₹43,200. Step 3: Retailer ka SP = 43,200 * (1 - 0.20) = 43,200 * 0.80 = ₹34,560. Atah sahi uttar (b) hai.
A company buys raw materials for ₹10,000 and manufactures a product that costs an additional ₹5,000 in labour and overhead. The product is sold to a distributor for ₹25,000, who marks it up by 20% and sells it to a retailer. The retailer then marks it up by another 25% and sells it to the end customer. What is the overall percentage profit made by the company, distributor, and retailer combined?
एक कंपनी ₹10,000 में कच्चा माल खरीदती है और एक उत्पाद बनाती है जिसमें श्रम और ओवरहेड में अतिरिक्त ₹5,000 का खर्च आता है। उत्पाद को एक वितरक को ₹25,000 में बेचा जाता है, जो इसे 20% अधिक अंकित करता है और एक खुदरा विक्रेता को बेचता है। खुदरा विक्रेता फिर इसे 25% और बढ़ाकर अंतिम ग्राहक को बेचता है। कंपनी, वितरक और खुदरा विक्रेता द्वारा मिलकर कमाया गया कुल प्रतिशत लाभ क्या है?
(A) (a) 135%
(B) (b) 125%
(C) (c) 100%
(D) (d) 150%
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: D) (d) 150%Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Shuruati kul laagat (Initial CP) = 10,000 + 5,000 = ₹15,000. Step 2: Distributor ka SP = 25,000 * 1.20 = ₹30,000. Step 3: Retailer ka SP (Final Customer SP) = 30,000 * 1.25 = ₹37,500. Step 4: Initial CP : Final SP = 15,000 : 37,500 = 150 : 375 = 2 : 5. Combined Profit = 5 - 2 = 3 units. Step 5: Combined Profit% = (3 / 2) * 100% = 150%. Atah sahi vikalp (d) 150% hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Shuruati CP = ₹15,000. Step 2: Final SP = 25,000 * (6 / 5) * (5 / 4) = 25,000 * (6 / 4) = ₹37,500. Step 3: Kul Labh = 37,500 - 15,000 = ₹22,500. Step 4: Combined Profit% = (22,500 / 15,000) * 100% = 150%. Atah sahi uttar (d) hai.
Sukhen purchased some perishable items for sale but 15% of those items could not be sold and went bad. however, Sukhen managed to sell the rest of the items at a price that helped him earn an overall profit of 19%. At what percentage above the cost price of each item did Sukhen sell each of the items that did NOT go bad?
सुखेन ने बिक्री के लिए कुछ खराब होने वाली वस्तुएं खरीदीं लेकिन उनमें से 15% वस्तुएं नहीं बेची जा सकीं और खराब हो गईं। हालाँकि, सुखेन शेष वस्तुओं को ऐसे मूल्य पर बेचने में सफल रहा जिससे उसे 19% का समग्र लाभ प्राप्त करने में मदद मिली। सुखेन ने खराब न होने वाली प्रत्येक वस्तु को उसके क्रय मूल्य से कितने प्रतिशत अधिक पर बेचा?
(A) (a) 40%
(B) (b) 42%
(C) (c) 34%
(D) (d) 36%
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) (a) 40%Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Mana kul 100 vastuyein kharidi gayin, jinme se 15 kharab ho gayin aur 85 bechi gayin. Matra ka anupat: Kharab : Bechi gayi = 15 : 85 = 3 : 17 (Kul = 20 units). Step 2: Kul 20 units par target = 19% labh ==> Kul SP = 20 * 1.19 = 23.8 units. Step 3: Kharab vastuo se prapt SP = 0, atah sabhi 23.8 units SP keval bachi hui 17 units se aana chahiye. Step 4: Bachi hui 1 unit ka SP = 23.8 / 17 = 1.40 units. Pratyek vastu ka mool CP = 1 unit tha ==> Naya SP : CP = 1.40 : 1 = 7 : 5. Step 5: Markup% = [(1.40 - 1) / 1] * 100% = 40%. Atah sahi vikalp (a) 40% hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana kul 100 vastuon ka CP = ₹100. 19% labh par lakshya SP = ₹119. Step 2: Keval (100 - 15) = 85 vastuyein bechi gayin. Step 3: 85 vastuo ka vikray mulya = ₹119 ==> 1 vastu ka SP = 119 / 85 = 7 / 5 = ₹1.40. Step 4: 1 vastu ka mool CP ₹1 tha, atah markup = 1.40 - 1 = ₹0.40 ==> 40% above CP. Atah sahi uttar (a) hai.
The cost prices of two articles A and B are in the ratio 4 : 5. While selling these articles, the shopkeeper gains 10% on article A and 20% on article B and the difference in their selling prices is ₹480. The difference in the cost price (in ₹) of articles B and A is:
दो वस्तुओं A और B के क्रय मूल्य का अनुपात 4 : 5 है। इन वस्तुओं को बेचते समय, दुकानदार को वस्तु A पर 10% और वस्तु B पर 20% का लाभ होता है और उनके विक्रय मूल्यों में अंतर ₹480 है। वस्तु B और A के क्रय मूल्य (₹ में) में अंतर है:
(A) (a) 250
(B) (b) 300
(C) (c) 400
(D) (d) 350
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: B) (b) 300Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Calculation ko saral banane ke liye CP_A aur CP_B ko maanein: CP_A = 40 units, CP_B = 50 units. Step 2: SP nikalein: - SP_A (10% profit) = 40 + 10% of 40 = 44 units - SP_B (20% profit) = 50 + 20% of 50 = 60 units Step 3: Dono ke SP ka antar = 60 - 44 = 16 units. Step 4: Prashnanusar 16 units = ₹480 ==> 1 unit = 480 / 16 = ₹30. Step 5: B aur A ke CP ka antar = 50 - 40 = 10 units. Antar = 10 * 30 = ₹300. Atah sahi vikalp (b) 300 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana common factor = x ==> CP_A = 4x, CP_B = 5x. Step 2: SP_A = 4x * 1.10 = 4.4x; SP_B = 5x * 1.20 = 6x. Step 3: SP ka antar = 6x - 4.4x = 1.6x = ₹480 ==> x = 480 / 1.6 = 300. Step 4: CP ka antar = 5x - 4x = 1x = ₹300. Atah sahi uttar (b) hai.
A costs thrice as much as B. A is sold at a loss of 10% and B is sold at 5/4 of its own price. If the selling price of A is ₹5,800 more than the selling price of B, then the cost price of A is:
A की लागत B से तिगुनी है। A को 10% की हानि पर बेचा जाता है और B को उसके अपने मूल्य के 5/4 पर बेचा जाता है। यदि A का विक्रय मूल्य B के विक्रय मूल्य से ₹5,800 अधिक है, तो A का क्रय मूल्य है:
(A) (a) ₹4,000
(B) (b) ₹12,000
(C) (c) ₹15,000
(D) (d) ₹9,600
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: B) (b) ₹12,000Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: CP ka anupat maanein (Calculation saral rakhne ke liye B = 40 units): CP_B = 40 units ==> CP_A = 3 * 40 = 120 units. Step 2: Dono ka SP nikalein: - A (10% hani par): SP_A = 120 - 10% of 120 = 120 - 12 = 108 units - B (5/4 mulya par): SP_B = 40 * (5/4) = 50 units Step 3: SP ka antar = 108 - 50 = 58 units. Step 4: Prashnanusar 58 units = ₹5,800 ==> 1 unit = ₹100. Step 5: A ka CP = 120 units = 120 * 100 = ₹12,000. Atah sahi vikalp (b) ₹12,000 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana B ka CP = 100x ==> A ka CP = 300x. Step 2: SP_A = 300x * 0.90 = 270x. SP_B = 100x * (5/4) = 125x. Step 3: SP_A - SP_B = 270x - 125x = 145x = 5,800 ==> x = 5800 / 145 = 40. Step 4: A ka CP = 300x = 300 * 40 = ₹12,000. Atah sahi uttar (b) hai.
The cost prices of two articles A and B are in the ratio 4 : 5. While selling these articles, the shopkeeper gains 10% on article A and 20% profit on article B, and the difference in their selling prices is ₹480. Find 30% of the total cost price (in ₹) of both the articles.
दो वस्तुओं A और B के क्रय मूल्य 4 : 5 के अनुपात में हैं। इन वस्तुओं को बेचते समय, दुकानदार को वस्तु A पर 10% लाभ और वस्तु B पर 20% लाभ प्राप्त होता है, और उनके विक्रय मूल्यों में अंतर ₹480 है। दोनों वस्तुओं के कुल क्रय मूल्य (₹ में) का 30% ज्ञात कीजिए।
(A) (a) 1,000
(B) (b) 900
(C) (c) 810
(D) (d) 1,250
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: C) (c) 810Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Mana CP_A = 40 units, CP_B = 50 units. Kul CP = 40 + 50 = 90 units. Step 2: SP_A = 40 * 1.10 = 44 units; SP_B = 50 * 1.20 = 60 units. SP ka antar = 60 - 44 = 16 units. Step 3: 16 units = ₹480 ==> 1 unit = 480 / 16 = ₹30. Step 4: Kul CP = 90 units = 90 * 30 = ₹2,700. Step 5: Kul CP ka 30% = 30% of 2,700 = 2,700 * 0.30 = ₹810. Atah sahi vikalp (c) 810 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: 1.6x = ₹480 ==> x = 300. Step 2: Kul CP = (4 + 5)x = 9x = 9 * 300 = ₹2,700. Step 3: 30% of Total CP = 0.30 * 2,700 = ₹810. Atah sahi uttar (c) hai.
A wrist watch is sold for ₹1,200 at a profit percent equal to its cost price. Find the cost price of the wrist watch.
एक कलाई घड़ी ₹1,200 में बेची जाती है, जिस पर लाभ प्रतिशत उसके क्रय मूल्य के बराबर है। कलाई घड़ी का क्रय मूल्य ज्ञात कीजिए।
(A) (a) ₹400
(B) (b) ₹250
(C) (c) ₹300
(D) (d) ₹350
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: C) (c) ₹300Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio / Option Verification Method): Step 1: Condition: Profit% = CP. Vikalp (c) ₹300 ki janch karein: CP = ₹300 ==> Profit% = 300%. Step 2: 300% profit par CP : SP = 100 : (100 + 300) = 1 : 4. SP = 4 * 300 = ₹1,200, jo prashn se mel khata hai. Atah sahi vikalp (c) ₹300 hai. Method 2 (100-Base / Equation Method): Step 1: SP = CP * (1 + CP / 100) = 1200. CP + CP^2 / 100 = 1200 ==> CP^2 + 100 CP - 120000 = 0. Step 2: Gunankhand (Factors) karein: 400 aur -300. (CP + 400)(CP - 300) = 0 ==> CP = ₹300. Atah sahi uttar (c) hai.
By selling an article for ₹131.25, a trader gains as much percent as the number representing the cost price of the article. In order to earn 40% profit, at what price (in ₹) should he sell the article?
एक वस्तु को ₹131.25 में बेचने पर, एक व्यापारी को वस्तु के क्रय मूल्य का प्रतिनिधित्व करने वाली संख्या के बराबर प्रतिशत लाभ होता है। 40% लाभ अर्जित करने के लिए, उसे वस्तु को किस मूल्य (₹ में) पर बेचना चाहिए?
(A) (a) 100
(B) (b) 140
(C) (c) 105
(D) (d) 75
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: C) (c) 105Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Prashnanusar Profit% = CP (manav sankhya). Equation: CP * (1 + CP/100) = 131.25 ==> CP^2 + 100 CP - 13125 = 0. Step 2: Factorize karein: 175 * 75 = 13125 aur 175 - 75 = 100. (CP + 175)(CP - 75) = 0 ==> Mool CP = ₹75. Step 3: 40% labh (40% = 2/5) par naya SP anupat: CP : Naya SP = 5 : 7. 5 units = ₹75 ==> 1 unit = ₹15. Step 4: Naya SP (7 units) = 7 * 15 = ₹105. Atah sahi vikalp (c) 105 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Vikalpo se mool CP nikalne ke liye check karein ki CP = ₹75 lene par: Profit% = 75% ==> SP = 75 + 75% of 75 = 75 + 56.25 = ₹131.25 (sahi baithta hai). Step 2: CP = ₹75 par 40% labh chahiye. Naya SP = 75 * 1.40 = ₹105. Atah sahi uttar (c) hai.
Madhav purchased an item for ₹42,000 and sold it at a loss of 20%. With that amount, he purchased another item and sold it at a gain of 30%. What is the overall gain (in ₹)?
माधव ने ₹42,000 में एक वस्तु खरीदी और उसे 20% की हानि पर बेच दिया। उस राशि से, उसने दूसरी वस्तु खरीदी और उसे 30% के लाभ पर बेच दिया। कुल लाभ (₹ में) क्या है?
(A) (a) 6720
(B) (b) 4200
(C) (c) 1680
(D) (d) 2520
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: C) (c) 1680Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Dono kamo ka successive ratio nikalein: - 20% loss (1/5) ==> CP1 : SP1 = 5 : 4 - 30% gain (3/10) ==> CP2 : SP2 = 10 : 13 Step 2: Shuruati rashi aur antim rashi ka anupat: Initial : Final = (5 * 10) : (4 * 13) = 50 : 52 = 25 : 26. Labh = 26 - 25 = 1 unit. Step 3: 25 units = ₹42,000 ==> 1 unit = 42000 / 25 = ₹1,680. Step 4: Overall Gain = 1 unit = ₹1,680. Atah sahi vikalp (c) 1680 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Net percentage badlav = -20 + 30 + [(-20 * 30) / 100] = 10 - 6 = +4%. Step 2: Overall Gain = 4% of ₹42,000. Step 3: Gain = 0.04 * 42,000 = ₹1,680. Atah sahi uttar (c) hai.
If a shopkeeper sells sugar at ₹44.8 per kg, he is able to make a 12% profit. Due to water seepage, 1/5 of the sugar is damaged. What should now be the selling price per kg of the rest of the sugar to have a 5% profit?
यदि कोई दुकानदार ₹44.8 प्रति किग्रा की दर से चीनी बेचता है, तो वह 12% लाभ कमाने में सक्षम होता है। पानी के रिसाव के कारण, 1/5 भाग चीनी खराब हो जाती है। 5% का लाभ प्राप्त करने के लिए शेष चीनी का विक्रय मूल्य प्रति किग्रा अब क्या होना चाहिए?
(A) (a) ₹49.5
(B) (b) ₹52.5
(C) (c) ₹48.5
(D) (d) ₹51.5
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: B) (b) ₹52.5Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Cheeni ka mool CP per kg nikalein: 12% profit = 3/25 ==> CP : SP = 25 : 28. 28 units = 44.8 ==> 1 unit = 1.6. CP per kg = 25 * 1.6 = ₹40/kg. Step 2: Mana kul 5 kg cheeni kharidi gayi (Kul CP = 5 * 40 = ₹200). 1/5 kharab ho gayi ==> Bachi hui cheeni = 5 - 1 = 4 kg. Step 3: Kul 5% labh chahiye ==> Kul SP = 200 * 1.05 = ₹210. Step 4: Bachi hui 4 kg ka naya dar per kg = 210 / 4 = ₹52.5 per kg. Atah sahi vikalp (b) ₹52.5 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mool CP per kg = 44.8 / 1.12 = ₹40/kg. Step 2: 1 kg cheeni par naya lakshya prapt karna (5% labh) = 40 * 1.05 = ₹42. Step 3: 1 kg me se keval 4/5 kg (0.8 kg) bacha hai, jisse ₹42 vasool karne hain. Naya rate per kg = 42 / 0.8 = ₹52.5 per kg. Atah sahi uttar (b) hai.
An article passing through two hands is sold at a total profit of 40% of the original cost price. If the first dealer makes a profit of 30%, then the profit percentage made by the second dealer is:
दो हाथों से गुजरने वाली एक वस्तु मूल क्रय मूल्य के 40% के कुल लाभ पर बेची जाती है। यदि पहला डीलर 30% का लाभ कमाता है, तो दूसरे डीलर द्वारा अर्जित लाभ प्रतिशत है:
(A) (a) 8\frac{6}{13}%
(B) (b) 6\frac{3}{13}%
(C) (c) 7\frac{9}{13}%
(D) (d) 7\frac{6}{13}%
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: C) (c) 7\frac{9}{13}%Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Shuruati CP = 100 units. Pehle dealer ke baad mulya (30% profit) = 130 units. Antim SP (40% kul profit) = 140 units. Step 2: Dusre dealer ka CP : SP = 130 : 140 = 13 : 14. Labh = 14 - 13 = 1 unit. Step 3: Dusre dealer ka Profit% = (1 / 13) * 100% = 100 / 13% = 7\frac{9}{13}%. Atah sahi vikalp (c) 7 9/13% hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana mool CP = 100. Dealer 1 ka SP = 130. Dealer 2 ka SP = 140. Step 2: Dealer 2 ka labh = 140 - 130 = 10. Step 3: Profit% = (10 / 130) * 100% = 100 / 13% = 7\frac{9}{13}%. Atah sahi uttar (c) hai.
Raman fixes the sale price of his goods at 16% above the cost price. He sells his goods at 12% less than the fixed price. Find the profit percentage correct to two places of decimal.
रमन अपने माल का विक्रय मूल्य क्रय मूल्य से 16% अधिक तय करता है। वह अपने माल को तय मूल्य से 12% कम पर बेचता है। दो दशमलव स्थानों तक सही लाभ प्रतिशत ज्ञात कीजिए।
(A) (a) 1.07%
(B) (b) 2.08%
(C) (c) 0.08%
(D) (d) 3.01%
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: B) (b) 2.08%Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Successive change lagayein (+16% markup aur -12% discount): Net% = 16 - 12 - [(16 * 12) / 100] Step 2: Net% = 4 - 1.92 = +2.08%. Chunki maan positive hai, atah 2.08% labh hoga. Atah sahi vikalp (b) 2.08% hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana CP = 100. Tey mulya (MP) = 100 + 16 = 116. Step 2: 12% chhoot par SP = 116 * (1 - 0.12) = 116 * 0.88 = 102.08. Step 3: Profit = SP - CP = 102.08 - 100 = 2.08. Profit% = 2.08%. Atah sahi uttar (b) hai.
Aarav owns a watch worth ₹10,000. He sells it to Bhavin at a profit of 15%. After some days, Bhavin sells it back to Aarav at 15% loss. Find the percentage profit or loss faced by Aarav.
आरव के पास ₹10,000 मूल्य की एक घड़ी है। वह इसे भाविन को 15% के लाभ पर बेचता है। कुछ दिनों बाद, भाविन इसे 15% की हानि पर वापस आरव को बेच देता है। आरव द्वारा वहन किए गए लाभ या हानि का प्रतिशत ज्ञात कीजिए।
(A) (a) 17.25% Loss
(B) (b) 17.25% Profit
(C) (c) 18.25% Profit
(D) (d) 18.75% Loss
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: B) (b) 17.25% ProfitExplanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Aarav ne Bhavin ko becha (15% profit = 3/20): CP1 : SP1 = 20 : 23. 20 units = ₹10,000 ==> 1 unit = 500 ==> SP1 = 23 * 500 = ₹11,500 (Aarav ke paas ₹11,500 aaye). Step 2: Bhavin ne Aarav ko wapas 15% hani par becha: Aarav dwara diya gaya bhugtan = 11,500 * 0.85 = ₹9,775. Step 3: Aarav ke paas bachi hui rashi = 11,500 - 9,775 = ₹1,725 aur sath me ghadi bhi wapas mil gayi. Step 4: Aarav ka kul labh = ₹1,725. Profit% = (1725 / 10000) * 100% = 17.25% Profit. Atah sahi vikalp (b) 17.25% Profit hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana ghadi ka mool CP = 100. Aarav ne 115 me becha (Cash prapt = 115). Step 2: Bhavin ne 15% hani par wapas becha ==> Kharid mulya = 115 * 0.85 = 97.75. Step 3: Aarav ka net cash bachat/labh = 115 - 97.75 = 17.25 (sath me ghadi wapas). Profit% = 17.25% Profit. Atah sahi uttar (b) hai.
A reduction of 7.5% in the cost price of a commodity enables a shopkeeper to purchase 15 kg more than what he previously purchased for a sum of ₹7,400. In order to make a profit of 32.5% on the pre-reduction cost price of the commodity, at what price (in ₹) per kg should the commodity be sold?
किसी वस्तु के क्रय मूल्य में 7.5% की कमी होने से एक दुकानदार ₹7,400 की राशि में पहले खरीदे गए सामान से 15 किग्रा अधिक खरीद सकता है। वस्तु के कमी से पहले के क्रय मूल्य पर 32.5% का लाभ कमाने के लिए, वस्तु को किस मूल्य (₹ में) प्रति किग्रा पर बेचा जाना चाहिए?
(A) (a) 54
(B) (b) 53
(C) (c) 52
(D) (d) 50
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: B) (b) 53Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: 7.5% = 15/200 = 3/40. Mulya (Price) ka anupat: Purana : Naya = 40 : 37. Step 2: Rashi (₹7,400) saman hai, isliye Matra (Quantity) ka anupat: Purani : Nayi = 37 : 40. Matra me vriddhi = 40 - 37 = 3 units. Step 3: Prashnanusar 3 units = 15 kg ==> 1 unit = 5 kg. Purani matra (37 units) = 37 * 5 = 185 kg. Step 4: Kami se pehle ka CP per kg = 7400 / 185 = ₹40 per kg. Step 5: Is moolya par 32.5% labh par SP: SP = 40 * (1 + 0.325) = 40 * 1.325 = ₹53 per kg. Atah sahi vikalp (b) 53 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: 7.5% ki bachat = 7.5% of 7400 = 0.075 * 7400 = ₹555. Step 2: ₹555 me 15 kg atirikt milta hai ==> Naya ghatit dar = 555 / 15 = ₹37 per kg. Step 3: Naya dar = 92.5% of Purana dar ==> Purana dar = 37 / 0.925 = ₹40 per kg. Step 4: Purane dar par 32.5% labh par SP = 40 * 1.325 = ₹53 per kg. Atah sahi uttar (b) hai.
The price of an item is increased by 15% and then the price is decreased by 12%. What is the effective percentage increase in the price of item?
एक वस्तु की कीमत में 15% की वृद्धि की जाती है और फिर कीमत में 12% की कमी की जाती है। वस्तु की कीमत में प्रभावी प्रतिशत वृद्धि क्या है?
(A) (a) 2.2%
(B) (b) 3%
(C) (c) 1.2%
(D) (d) 1.8%
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: C) (c) 1.2%Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Pratishat ko fraction me badlein: - 15% vriddhi = +3/20 ==> 20 : 23 - 12% kami = -3/25 ==> 25 : 22 Step 2: Combined ratio nikalein: Initial : Final = (20 * 25) : (23 * 22) = 500 : 506. Prabhavi vriddhi = 506 - 500 = 6 units. Step 3: Effective% = (6 / 500) * 100% = 6 / 5% = 1.2%. Atah sahi vikalp (c) 1.2% hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Net% change formula: a + b + (ab / 100). Step 2: a = +15, b = -12. Net% = 15 - 12 - [(15 * 12) / 100] = 3 - 1.80 = +1.2%. Atah sahi uttar (c) hai.
A dealer buys an article listed at ₹250 and gets successive discounts of 12% and 16%. He spends 10% of the cost price on transportation. At what price should he sell the article to earn a profit of 25%? (Correct to two places of decimal)
एक डीलर ₹250 अंकित मूल्य वाली एक वस्तु खरीदता है और 12% और 16% की क्रमिक छूट प्राप्त करता है। वह क्रय मूल्य का 10% परिवहन पर खर्च करता है। 25% का लाभ अर्जित करने के लिए उसे वस्तु को किस मूल्य पर बेचना चाहिए? (दो दशमलव स्थानों तक सही)
(A) (a) ₹274.10
(B) (b) ₹254.10
(C) (c) ₹244.10
(D) (d) ₹264.10
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: D) (d) ₹264.10Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Kharid dar (CP1) nikalein: 12% chhoot = 3/25 ==> 25 : 22 16% chhoot = 4/25 ==> 25 : 21 CP1 = 250 * (22 / 25) * (21 / 25) = 10 * 22 * (21 / 25) = 220 * 0.84 = ₹184.80. Step 2: 10% parivahan kharch (10% = 1/10): Effective CP = 184.80 * (11 / 10) = ₹203.28. Step 3: 25% labh par bechna (25% = 1/4 ==> 4 : 5): Target SP = 203.28 * (5 / 4) = 50.82 * 5 = ₹254.10. Wait, let's verify options: (a) ₹274.10, (b) ₹254.10, (c) ₹244.10, (d) ₹264.10. Option (b) is ₹254.10. Atah sahi vikalp (b) ₹254.10 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Listed Price = ₹250. Purchase Price = 250 * 0.88 * 0.84 = ₹184.80. Step 2: Transportation ke baad Total CP = 184.80 * 1.10 = ₹203.28. Step 3: 25% labh par SP = 203.28 * 1.25 = ₹254.10. Atah sahi uttar (b) hai.
The first shirt is sold at twice the selling price of the second shirt. The first shirt is sold at 8% profit and the second shirt is sold at a 3% loss. What is the overall percentage profit on the shirts (Rounded off to two decimal place)?
पहली शर्ट को दूसरी शर्ट के विक्रय मूल्य से दोगुने मूल्य पर बेचा जाता है। पहली शर्ट 8% लाभ पर बेची जाती है और दूसरी शर्ट 3% हानि पर बेची जाती है। शर्ट पर कुल प्रतिशत लाभ क्या है (दो दशमलव स्थान तक पूर्णांकित)?
(A) (a) 4.60%
(B) (b) 4.07%
(C) (c) 3.86%
(D) (d) 4.86%
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: B) (b) 4.07%Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: SP ka anupat maanein: SP2 = 100 units ==> SP1 = 200 units. Kul SP = 100 + 200 = 300 units. Step 2: Dono ka CP nikalein: - Pehli shirt (8% profit): CP1 = 200 / 1.08 = 20000 / 108 = 5000 / 27 ≈ 185.185 units - Dusri shirt (3% loss): CP2 = 100 / 0.97 = 10000 / 97 ≈ 103.093 units Step 3: Kul CP = 185.185 + 103.093 = 288.278 units. Kul Labh = Kul SP - Kul CP = 300 - 288.278 = 11.722 units. Step 4: Overall Profit% = (11.722 / 288.278) * 100% ≈ 4.066% ≈ 4.07%. Atah sahi vikalp (b) 4.07% hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: SP1 = 2 * SP2. Mana SP2 = 97 * 108 = 10476 units ==> SP1 = 20952 units. Step 2: CP1 = 20952 / 1.08 = 19400 units. CP2 = 10476 / 0.97 = 10800 units. Step 3: Kul CP = 19400 + 10800 = 30200 units. Kul SP = 20952 + 10476 = 31428 units. Step 4: Kul Labh = 31428 - 30200 = 1228 units. Profit% = (1228 / 30200) * 100% = 1228 / 302% ≈ 4.066% ≈ 4.07%. Atah sahi uttar (b) hai.
Sukhvir purchased some perishable items for sale but 30% of those items could not be sold and went bad. However, Sukhvir managed to sell the rest of the items at a price that helped him earn an overall profit of 19%. At what percentage above the cost price of each item purchased by Sukhvir did he sell each of the items that did not go bad?
सुखवीर ने बिक्री के लिए कुछ खराब होने वाली वस्तुएं खरीदीं लेकिन उनमें से 30% वस्तुएं नहीं बेची जा सकीं और खराब हो गईं। हालाँकि, सुखवीर शेष वस्तुओं को ऐसे मूल्य पर बेचने में सफल रहा जिससे उसे कुल मिलाकर 19% का लाभ प्राप्त हुआ। सुखवीर द्वारा खराब न होने वाली प्रत्येक वस्तु को उसके क्रय मूल्य से कितने प्रतिशत अधिक पर बेचा गया?
(A) (a) 49%
(B) (b) 70%
(C) (c) 75%
(D) (d) 63%
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: B) (b) 70%Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Mana kul 100 vastuyein kharidi gayin. Kharab hui = 30, Bachi hui = 70. Anupat = 3 : 7 (Kul = 10 units). Step 2: Kul 10 units par 19% labh chahiye ==> Kul SP = 10 * 1.19 = 11.9 units. Step 3: Kharab vastuo se prapt SP = 0, atah poora 11.9 units SP bachi hui 7 units se prapt hona chahiye. Step 4: Bachi hui 1 vastu ka SP = 11.9 / 7 = 1.70 units. Step 5: Mool CP = 1 unit, Naya SP = 1.70 units ==> CP : SP = 10 : 17. Markup% = (7 / 10) * 100% = 70%. Atah sahi vikalp (b) 70% hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana 100 vastuo ka CP = ₹100. 19% labh ke liye Kul SP = ₹119. Step 2: Bechi gayi matra = 100 - 30 = 70 vastuyein. Step 3: 70 vastuo ka SP = ₹119 ==> 1 vastu ka SP = 119 / 70 = ₹1.70. Step 4: Pratishat vriddhi = (1.70 - 1.00) / 1.00 * 100% = 70%. Atah sahi uttar (b) hai.
Aditya sold article X at a profit of 23% and article Y at a loss of 13%. He earned a profit of ₹180 in the entire transaction. If article X costs ₹90 less than article Y, then what is the price of article Y (in ₹)?
आदित्य ने वस्तु X को 23% के लाभ पर और वस्तु Y को 13% की हानि पर बेचा। उसने पूरे लेन-देन में ₹180 का लाभ अर्जित किया। यदि वस्तु X का मूल्य वस्तु Y से ₹90 कम है, तो वस्तु Y का मूल्य (₹ में) क्या है?
(A) (a) 2,007
(B) (b) 2,050
(C) (c) 2,100
(D) (d) 2,020
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: A) (a) 2,007Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Prashnanusar: X = Y - 90. Profit/Loss equation: 23% X - 13% Y = 180. Step 2: X ka maan rakhne par: 0.23(Y - 90) - 0.13Y = 180 0.23Y - 20.7 - 0.13Y = 180 0.10Y = 180 + 20.7 = 200.7 Step 3: Y = 200.7 / 0.10 = ₹2,007. Atah sahi vikalp (a) 2,007 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana Y ka CP = 100y ==> X ka CP = 100y - 90. Step 2: Net Profit = 23% of (100y - 90) - 13% of (100y) = 180 23y - 20.7 - 13y = 180 10y = 200.7 ==> 100y = 200.7 * 10 = ₹2,007. Atah sahi uttar (a) hai.
A vendor marked the selling price of a table at ₹5,670 after adding 35% profit to its cost price. Since the sale was very low at this price level, he decided to sell the table with 12% profit. Find the new selling price (in ₹).
एक विक्रेता ने एक मेज के क्रय मूल्य में 35% लाभ जोड़कर उसका विक्रय मूल्य ₹5,670 अंकित किया। चूँकि इस मूल्य स्तर पर बिक्री बहुत कम थी, उसने 12% लाभ के साथ मेज बेचने का फैसला किया। नया विक्रय मूल्य (₹ में) ज्ञात कीजिए।
(A) (a) 4,750
(B) (b) 4,608
(C) (c) 4,810
(D) (d) 4,704
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: D) (d) 4,704Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Pratishat ko ratio me badlein: - Pehla SP (35% profit = 7/20): CP : SP1 = 20 : 27 - Naya SP (12% profit = 3/25): CP : SP2 = 25 : 28 Step 2: CP ko saman karein (LCM of 20 aur 25 = 100 units): - SP1 = 27 * 5 = 135 units - SP2 = 28 * 4 = 112 units Step 3: Prashnanusar SP1 (135 units) = ₹5,670 ==> 1 unit = 5670 / 135 = 42. Step 4: Naya SP2 (112 units) = 112 * 42 = ₹4,704. Atah sahi vikalp (d) 4,704 hai. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Mana CP = 100%. SP1 = 135% = ₹5,670 ==> 1% = 5670 / 135 = 42. Step 2: 12% labh par Naya SP = 112%. Naya SP = 112 * 42 = ₹4,704. Atah sahi uttar (d) hai.
An item undergoes an initial price increase of 15%, followed by a 12% decrease. Determine the net percentage increase in the item's price.
किसी वस्तु के मूल्य में पहले 15% की वृद्धि की जाती है और फिर 12% की कमी की जाती है। वस्तु के मूल्य में शुद्ध प्रतिशत वृद्धि क्या है?
(A) (a) 2.2%
(B) (b) 3%
(C) (c) 1.2%
(D) (d) 1.8%
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: C) (c) 1.2%Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Convert percentage changes into fractions: - +15% = +3/20 ==> Base changes from 20 to 23. - -12% = -3/25 ==> Base changes from 25 to 22. Step 2: Calculate composite ratio: Initial : Final = (20 * 25) : (23 * 22) = 500 : 506. Step 3: Growth = 506 - 500 = 6 units. Step 4: Net increase% = (6 / 500) * 100% = 1.2%. Hence, correct option is (c) 1.2%. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Let base price = 100. Step 2: After 15% increase: 100 * 1.15 = 115. Step 3: After 12% decrease: 115 * (1 - 0.12) = 115 * 0.88 = 101.2. Step 4: Net change = 101.2 - 100 = +1.2%. Hence, correct answer is (c).
A retailer purchases an item cataloged at ₹250 after receiving two successive discounts of 12% and 16%. Additionally, 10% of the acquisition cost is spent on freight. At what price must the retailer sell the item to secure a 25% gain? (Rounded to two decimal places)
एक डीलर ₹250 अंकित मूल्य वाली वस्तु खरीदता है और 12% तथा 16% की क्रमिक छूट प्राप्त करता है। वह लागत मूल्य का 10% परिवहन पर खर्च करता है। 25% लाभ कमाने के लिए उसे वस्तु को किस कीमत पर बेचना चाहिए? (दो दशमलव स्थानों तक)
(A) (a) ₹274.10
(B) (b) ₹254.10
(C) (c) ₹244.10
(D) (d) ₹264.10
✅ Answer & Explanation
Sahi jawab: D) (d) ₹264.10Explanation: Method 1 (Ratio Method): Step 1: Track price changes via ratios: - Marked Price = ₹250. - After 12% discount (22/25) and 16% discount (21/25): Purchase price = 250 * (22 / 25) * (21 / 25) = 10 * 22 * 21 / 25 = 4620 / 25 = ₹184.80. Step 2: Add 10% transportation overhead (multiplier = 11/10): Effective CP = 184.80 * (11 / 10) = ₹203.28. Step 3: Target profit is 25% = 1/4 ==> CP : SP = 4 : 5. SP = 203.28 * (5 / 4) = 203.28 * 1.25 = ₹254.10. Wait, checking calculations: 250 * 0.88 * 0.84 = 184.80; 184.80 * 1.10 = 203.28; 203.28 * 1.25 = ₹254.10. Hence, correct option is (b) ₹254.10. Method 2 (100-Base Method): Step 1: Base list price = ₹250. Step 2: Price after successive discounts = 250 * 0.88 * 0.84 = ₹184.80. Step 3: Total outlay including 10% freight = 184.80 * 1.10 = ₹203.28. Step 4: Target SP at 25% profit = 203.28 * 1.25 = ₹254.10. Hence, correct answer is (b).