General Studies: Chemistry Physical Chem Mock Test – Free Online Practice

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Practice Questions (30 of 116)

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  1. Which of the following concentration terms does NOT change with a change in temperature?
    निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा सांद्रता पद तापमान बदलने पर नहीं बदलता है?
    (A) Molarity
    (B) Molality
    (C) Normality
    (D) Formality
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Molality
    Explanation: Molality mass par aadharit hoti hai ($moles/kg$), jabki Molarity aur Normality volume par depend karti hain jo temperature badhne par expand hota hai.
  2. What is the 'Coordination Number' of an atom in a Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) unit cell?
    एक फलक-केंद्रित घनीय (FCC) एकक कोष्ठिका में परमाणु की 'उपसहसंयोजन संख्या' (Coordination Number) क्या होती है?
    (A) 6
    (B) 8
    (C) 12
    (D) 4
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: C) 12
    Explanation: FCC crystal lattice me har atom apne plane ke 4, upar ke 4 aur niche ke 4 atoms ke direct contact me rehta hai, isliye CN = 12 hota hai.
  3. Which gas law states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to its partial pressure?
    कौन सा नियम बताता है कि किसी द्रव में गैस की विलेयता उसके आंशिक दाब के समानुपाती होती है?
    (A) Raoult's Law
    (B) Henry's Law
    (C) Dalton's Law
    (D) Graham's Law
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Henry's Law
    Explanation: Henry's Law ($p = K_H \cdot x$) ke anusar gas ka pressure badhane par liquid me uski solubility badhti hai; yahi kaaran hai ki soda bottles high pressure par pack hoti hain.
  4. Which stoichiometric defect in ionic solids causes a decrease in the density of the crystal?
    आयनिक ठोसों में कौन सा रससमीकरणमितीय दोष क्रिस्टल के घनत्व को कम कर देता है?
    (A) Frenkel Defect
    (B) Schottky Defect
    (C) Interstitial Defect
    (D) Metal Excess Defect
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Schottky Defect
    Explanation: Schottky defect me crystal lattice se barabar sankhya me cations aur anions gayab ho jaate hain, jisse volume same rehta hai par mass ghatne se density kam ho jaati hai.
  5. Two solutions are said to be 'Isotonic' when they possess the same:
    दो विलयनों को 'समपरासारी' (Isotonic) तब कहा जाता है जब उनका समान होता है:
    (A) Molarity
    (B) Osmotic Pressure
    (C) Boiling point
    (D) Vapor pressure
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Osmotic Pressure
    Explanation: Isotonic solutions ka osmotic pressure ($\pi_1 = \pi_2$) samaan hota hai, isliye semi-permeable membrane ke aar-paar koi net solvent flow nahi hota.
  6. Which amorphous solid is scientifically categorized as a 'Pseudo Solid' or Supercooled Liquid?
    किस अक्रिस्टलीय ठोस को वैज्ञानिक रूप से 'छद्म ठोस' या अतिशीतित द्रव (Supercooled Liquid) माना जाता है?
    (A) Diamond
    (B) Glass
    (C) NaCl
    (D) Quartz
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Glass
    Explanation: Glass me regular long-range crystal structure nahi hota aur ye centuries me gravity ke under bohot dheere flow kar sakta hai, isliye ise supercooled liquid kehte hain.
  7. What is the theoretical 'Van't Hoff Factor' (i) for a non-electrolyte solute like Glucose in aqueous solution?
    जलीय विलयन में ग्लूकोज जैसे गैर-विद्युतअपघट्य विलेय के लिए 'वैन हॉफ गुणांक' (i) का मान क्या होता है?
    (A) 0
    (B) 1
    (C) 2
    (D) 0.5
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) 1
    Explanation: Glucose ($C_6H_{12}O_6$) solution me na to dissociate hota hai aur na associate, isliye particles ki sankhya same rehti hai aur $i = 1$ hota hai.
  8. The 'F-centers' created in non-stoichiometric alkali halide crystals are primarily responsible for their:
    क्षार धातु हैलाइड क्रिस्टल में उत्पन्न 'F-केंद्र' (F-centers) मुख्य रूप से उनके किस गुण के लिए उत्तरदायी होते हैं?
    (A) Hardness
    (B) Color
    (C) Ferromagnetism
    (D) Radioactivity
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Color
    Explanation: Anion vacancy me phanse hue unpaired electrons light energy absorb karke excite hote hain, jisse crystal me color paida hota hai (jaise NaCl ka peela rang).
  9. Colligative properties of a dilute solution depend exclusively on the:
    तनु विलयन के अणुसंख्य गुणधर्म (Colligative properties) केवल किस पर निर्भर करते हैं?
    (A) Chemical nature of solute
    (B) Number of solute particles
    (C) Density of solvent
    (D) Viscosity of solution
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Number of solute particles
    Explanation: Colligative properties (jaise osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation) solute ke chemical identity ya nature par nahi, sirf solution me particles ke count par depend karti hain.
  10. What is the packing efficiency percentage of a 'Body-Centered Cubic' (BCC) crystal lattice?
    एक 'अंतःकेंद्रित घनीय' (BCC) क्रिस्टल जालक की संकुलन क्षमता (Packing Efficiency) कितने प्रतिशत होती है?
    (A) 52.4%
    (B) 68%
    (C) 74%
    (D) 100%
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) 68%
    Explanation: BCC unit cell me atoms dwara occupy kiya gaya total volume 68% hota hai aur baaki 32% khali void space hota hai.
  11. Which colligative property is most suitable for determining the precise molar mass of biomolecules like Proteins and Polymers?
    प्रोटीन और बहुलकों जैसे वृहदाणुओं का मोलर द्रव्यमान ज्ञात करने के लिए कौन सा अणुसंख्य गुणधर्म सबसे उपयुक्त है?
    (A) Osmotic Pressure
    (B) Relative lowering of vapor pressure
    (C) Elevation in boiling point
    (D) Depression in freezing point
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: A) Osmotic Pressure
    Explanation: Biomolecules high temperatures par degrade ho jaate hain; Osmotic pressure room temperature par measure hota hai aur dilute solution par bhi significant magnitude deta hai.
  12. Which of the following is a true 'Crystalline Solid' exhibiting long-range order and a sharp melting point?
    निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा एक वास्तविक 'क्रिस्टलीय ठोस' है जो दीर्घ-परासी व्यवस्था और तीक्ष्ण गलनांक प्रदर्शित करता है?
    (A) Rubber
    (B) Plastic
    (C) Quartz
    (D) Glass
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: C) Quartz
    Explanation: Quartz ($SiO_2$) me regular tetrahedral long-range network hota hai aur iska melting point sharp hota hai, jabki glass amorphous hota hai.
  13. According to Le-Chatelier's principle, what happens to the solubility of a gas or solid when dissolution is 'Exothermic' and temperature is increased?
    ला-शातेलिए के सिद्धांत के अनुसार, जब घुलने की प्रक्रिया 'ऊष्माक्षेपी' हो और तापमान बढ़ाया जाए, तो विलेयता पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ता है?
    (A) Increases
    (B) Decreases
    (C) Remains unchanged
    (D) Becomes infinite
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Decreases
    Explanation: Exothermic process ($\Delta H < 0$) me heat release hoti hai; temperature badhane par equilibrium backward shift hota hai, jisse solubility ghat jaati hai.
  14. Which type of crystal defect is prominently displayed by 'Silver Chloride' (AgCl) crystals?
    'सिल्वर क्लोराइड' (AgCl) क्रिस्टल द्वारा मुख्य रूप से कौन सा दोष प्रदर्शित किया जाता है?
    (A) Schottky Defect only
    (B) Frenkel Defect
    (C) Metal Deficiency Defect
    (D) None
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Frenkel Defect
    Explanation: AgCl me $Ag^+$ cation ka size $Cl^-$ anion se kafi chhota hota hai, isliye $Ag^+$ ion apni normal site chhodkar interstitial void me chala jaata hai (Frenkel defect).
  15. What effect is observed on the 'Boiling Point' of water when a non-volatile solute like common salt is added?
    जब पानी में साधारण नमक जैसा अवाष्पशील विलेय मिलाया जाता है, तो इसके 'क्वथनांक' पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ता है?
    (A) Decreases
    (B) Increases
    (C) Remains unchanged
    (D) Becomes zero
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Increases
    Explanation: Non-volatile solute milane se solution ka vapor pressure ghat jaata hai; isliye atmospheric pressure match karne ke liye zyada heat deni padti hai (Elevation in Boiling Point).
  16. What is 'Bragg's Law' equation used for calculating interplanar spacing in X-ray crystallography?
    एक्स-रे क्रिस्टलोग्राफी में जालक तलों के बीच की दूरी की गणना के लिए 'ब्रैग का नियम' समीकरण क्या है?
    (A) $n\lambda = 2d \sin\theta$
    (B) $PV = nRT$
    (C) $E = mc^2$
    (D) $\lambda = h/mv$
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: A) $n\lambda = 2d \sin\theta$
    Explanation: Bragg's equation $n\lambda = 2d \sin\theta$ me $d$ crystal planes ke beech ka distance hai, $\theta$ diffraction angle hai aur $\lambda$ X-ray wavelength hai.
  17. Which concentration unit is mathematically employed in 'Henry's Law' formulation ($p = K_H \cdot x$)?
    'हेनरी के नियम' के सूत्र में गैस की विलेयता दर्शाने के लिए किस सांद्रता इकाई का उपयोग किया जाता है?
    (A) Molarity
    (B) Mole Fraction
    (C) Molality
    (D) Normality
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Mole Fraction
    Explanation: Henry's law formulation me liquid solution ke andar dissolved gas ki solubility ko uske mole fraction ($x$) ke roop me express kiya jaata hai.
  18. An extrinsic semiconductor prepared by doping Silicon (Group 14) with Phosphorus (Group 15) is classified as:
    सिलिकॉन (वर्ग 14) को फास्फोरस (वर्ग 15) के साथ डोप करके बनाया गया बाह्य अर्धचालक किस रूप में वर्गीकृत किया जाता है?
    (A) p-type semiconductor
    (B) n-type semiconductor
    (C) Intrinsic semiconductor
    (D) Superconductor
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) n-type semiconductor
    Explanation: Phosphorus pentavalent hota hai; 4 electrons silicon lattice ke saath covalent bond banate hain aur 5va electron conduction ke liye free rehta hai (negative charge carriers = n-type).
  19. Which thermodynamic criteria defines an 'Ideal Solution' obeying Raoult's Law at all concentrations?
    सभी सांद्रताओं पर राउल्ट के नियम का पालन करने वाले 'आदर्श विलयन' के लिए कौन सा ऊष्मागतिक मापदंड सही है?
    (A) $\Delta H_{mix} = 0$ and $\Delta V_{mix} = 0$
    (B) $\Delta H_{mix} > 0$ and $\Delta V_{mix} > 0$
    (C) $\Delta H_{mix} < 0$ and $\Delta V_{mix} < 0$
    (D) $\Delta G_{mix} = 0$
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: A) $\Delta H_{mix} = 0$ and $\Delta V_{mix} = 0$
    Explanation: Ideal solution me solute-solute aur solvent-solvent molecular attractions solute-solvent attraction ke barabar hote hain, isliye mixing par na heat exchange hoti hai na volume change.
  20. Adding Ethylene Glycol to an automobile radiator in sub-zero climates prevents freezing because it:
    सर्दियों में ऑटोमोबाइल रेडिएटर में एथिलीन ग्लाइकोल मिलाने से पानी जमने से बचता है क्योंकि यह:
    (A) Increases the freezing point
    (B) Depresses the freezing point of water
    (C) Boils the water
    (D) Decomposes into gas
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Depresses the freezing point of water
    Explanation: Ethylene glycol non-volatile anti-freeze agent hai jo water ke freezing point ko significantly kam kar deta hai (Depression in Freezing Point).
  21. What type of solid crystal is 'Graphite' classified as based on its bonding?
    बंधन के आधार पर 'ग्रेफाइट' को किस प्रकार के ठोस क्रिस्टल के रूप में वर्गीकृत किया गया है?
    (A) Ionic solid
    (B) Covalent Network solid
    (C) Metallic solid
    (D) Molecular solid
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Covalent Network solid
    Explanation: Graphite me carbon atoms $sp^2$ hybridized hokar covalent network 2D hexagonal layers banate hain, jo aapas me weak van der Waals forces se judi rehti hain.
  22. What is the standard SI-derived unit of solution 'Molarity'?
    विलयन की 'मोलरता' (Molarity) की मानक इकाई क्या है?
    (A) mol/kg
    (B) mol/L
    (C) g/L
    (D) mol/mol
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) mol/L
    Explanation: Molarity 1 liter solution me dissolved solute ke moles ki sankhya hoti hai, isliye iska unit $moles/liter$ ($mol/L$ ya $M$) hota hai.
  23. Zinc Oxide ($ZnO$) is white at room temperature but turns yellow on heating due to which crystal defect?
    जिंक ऑक्साइड ($ZnO$) कमरे के तापमान पर सफेद होता है लेकिन गर्म करने पर किस क्रिस्टल दोष के कारण पीला हो जाता है?
    (A) Schottky Defect
    (B) Metal Excess Defect due to interstitial cations
    (C) Frenkel Defect
    (D) Impurity Defect
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Metal Excess Defect due to interstitial cations
    Explanation: Heating par $ZnO$ oxygen loose karta hai ($ZnO \to Zn^{2+} + 1/2 O_2 + 2e^-$); trapped interstitial electrons yellow color ke liye responsible hote hain.
  24. In municipal drinking water purification plants, 'Reverse Osmosis' (RO) is achieved by applying:
    पेयजल शुद्धिकरण संयंत्रों में 'रिवर्स ऑस्मोसिस' (RO) की प्रक्रिया कैसे संपन्न की जाती है?
    (A) Pressure equal to atmospheric pressure
    (B) Hydrostatic pressure greater than the osmotic pressure on the concentrated solution side
    (C) Negative suction pressure on pure water side
    (D) High electrical voltage
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Hydrostatic pressure greater than the osmotic pressure on the concentrated solution side
    Explanation: Jab saline water par uske osmotic pressure se zyada bahari dabav lagaya jaata hai, to pure solvent semi-permeable membrane se hokar bahar nikal aata hai.
  25. What is the total number of constituent atoms contained within a single 'Simple Cubic' (SC) unit cell?
    एक 'सरल घनीय' (Simple Cubic) एकक कोष्ठिका में कुल प्रभावी परमाणुओं की संख्या कितनी होती है?
    (A) 1
    (B) 2
    (C) 4
    (D) 8
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: A) 1
    Explanation: Simple cubic unit cell ke 8 corners par atoms hote hain; har corner atom ka contribution $1/8$ hota hai, isliye total atoms = $8 \times (1/8) = 1$.
  26. Which of the following substances exhibits 'Paramagnetism' in solid state due to unpaired electron spins?
    अयुग्मित इलेक्ट्रॉन चक्रण के कारण निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा पदार्थ ठोस अवस्था में 'अनुचुंबकत्व' प्रदर्शित करता है?
    (A) $H_2O$
    (B) $NaCl$
    (C) $O_2$
    (D) $C_6H_6$
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: C) $O_2$
    Explanation: Molecular orbital theory ke anusar solid/liquid oxygen ($O_2$) ke antibonding $\pi^*$ orbitals me do unpaired electrons hote hain, jo ise paramagnetic banate hain.
  27. An 'Azeotropic Mixture' is characterized by which physical property during distillation?
    आसवन के दौरान 'स्थिरक्वाथी मिश्रण' (Azeotropic Mixture) किस भौतिक गुण द्वारा पहचाना जाता है?
    (A) Boiling at a constant temperature with identical liquid and vapor compositions
    (B) Separating easily into pure components
    (C) Having zero vapor pressure
    (D) Freezing at room temperature
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: A) Boiling at a constant temperature with identical liquid and vapor compositions
    Explanation: Azeotrope ek constant-boiling liquid mixture hota hai jiska vapor phase composition liquid phase ke identical hota hai, isliye ise fractional distillation se alag nahi kiya ja sakta.
  28. Which metallic crystal property allows pure metals to be beaten into thin sheets without shattering?
    धातुओं का कौन सा क्रिस्टलीय गुण उन्हें बिना टूटे पतली चादरों में पीटे जाने की अनुमति देता है?
    (A) Rigid directional covalent bonds
    (B) Non-directional metallic bonding with a delocalized electron sea
    (C) Ionic crystal lattice
    (D) Hydrogen bonds
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: B) Non-directional metallic bonding with a delocalized electron sea
    Explanation: Metallic lattice me positive ions ke layers free electron sea ke upar bina lattice fracture kiye aage slide kar sakti hain, jo malleability provide karta hai.
  29. What is the calculated 'Molarity' of pure liquid water at 4°C (density = 1 g/mL)?
    4°C पर शुद्ध जल (घनत्व = 1 g/mL) की 'मोलरता' कितनी होती है?
    (A) 1 M
    (B) 18 M
    (C) 55.5 M
    (D) 100 M
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: C) 55.5 M
    Explanation: 1 liter paani ka mass 1000g hota hai; water ka molar mass 18 g/mol hai, isliye $M = 1000 / 18 \approx 55.55 \text{ mol/L}$.
  30. Which type of point defect alters neither the density nor the chemical stoichiometry of an ionic crystal?
    किस प्रकार का बिंदु दोष आयनिक क्रिस्टल के घनत्व और रासायनिक रससमीकरणमिति दोनों को नहीं बदलता है?
    (A) Frenkel Defect
    (B) Schottky Defect
    (C) Metal Excess Defect
    (D) Metal Deficiency Defect
    ✅ Answer & Explanation
    Sahi jawab: A) Frenkel Defect
    Explanation: Frenkel defect me ion crystal se bahar nahi jaata, sirf apni jagah se hatkar interstitial site par chala jaata hai, isliye density aur stoichiometry dono same rehti hain.
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